什么是雨林?有哪些动植物?
有追加悬赏的!!!!!!!!!!!
推荐回答(1个)
雨林
雨林含指的有热带雨林、山地雨林和平地雨林。雨林高温高湿地区高大茂密而常绿的森林群落。植物明显地分为好几层,上层为乔木,高达60米,种类繁多,树干挺直;中层由许多中、小型乔木组成;低层,本质藤本植物随处可见,有的粗达20~30厘米,长可达300米。热带雨林是现存森林中生物种类最多的一种森林群落,是植物资源的宝库,有许多名贵的木材、药材、果树、油料及橡胶等经济植物。热带雨林主要分布在年降水量最低在200毫米以上、空气湿度很高、全年温度在25~30℃之间的地区。如南美洲的亚马逊盆地、非洲的刚果盆地以及亚洲的斯里兰卡,印度尼西亚、菲律宾、马来西亚、印度等地区。其中以亚马逊盆地热带雨林的面积最大,植物的种类以亚洲的热带雨林为最多。中国的云南、台湾及广东、海南也有局部分布。
陆地生物群落——热带雨林(二)
热带雨林有狭义和广义的不同理解,狭义的热带雨林指分布于气候终年温暖潮湿的赤道低地上的茂盛森林,这些森林中各种热带雨林的特征都十分显著。广义则包括了热带山地上气候虽然湿润但较凉爽的热带山地上出现的“山地雨林”和生长与热带季风气候区气候湿润但雨量分布不均匀而有一明显干季的“热带季节雨林”。还有些深入了亚热带范围但是却具有比较多的热带雨林特征的森林有时也被划入“热带雨林”的范畴,或者单称为“亚热带雨林”,与“山地雨林”类似。我国的热带雨林多属于广义范畴。广义的热带雨林与狭义的热带雨林同样是最繁盛的生态系统,也具备一定的热带雨林的特征,但其热带雨林的各项特征比典型的热带雨林要多少打一些折扣。
山地雨林实际上从温度条件上说不属于热带的森林类型,由于分布在海拔较高处,其温度已经是相当于亚热带和温带而不同于山下的热带地区。山地雨林从森林的整体外貌上就与典型的热带雨林有所不同,其林冠比较平整,缺少突出林冠的高大树木;森林内部的附生植物以苔藓植物为主,而高等附生植物较少;林下出现较多的树蕨和竹类;随着海拔的增高,大型木质藤本、茎花板根等热带雨林典型的特征则逐渐减少,森林也逐渐变矮,到山顶上甚至出现矮化的“山顶矮林”。山地雨林本身也有不同的定义,有时特指低山上热带雨林特征比较显著的类型,而将中山以上热带雨林各种特征已经很少的森林划分入常绿阔叶林的行列。中山雨林的分布区处于山地云雾带中,常年被云雾缭绕,又有“云林”之称。山地雨林有很多珍贵的物种,东非山地特有的山地大猩猩是所有大猿中数量最稀少的。我国的海南和云南都有很多山地雨林,是海南黑长臂猿等珍贵动物的栖息地。
热带季节雨林是热带雨林和热带季雨林之间的过渡类型。热带季节雨林与热带半常绿季雨林有些相似,其上层树木有一定的旱季落叶的现象,树叶叶片的面积比典型的热带雨林小,热带雨林的各种特征也都不如狭义的热带雨林典型。然而热带季节雨林落叶树和小型叶的比例都比热带季雨林更小,落叶树的落叶期也很短暂,往往是换叶而不是真正的落叶,落叶的同时就长出新叶。热带季节雨林不仅森林整体上是终年常绿的,热带雨林的各种特征也比热带季雨林要发达。我国的云南特别是西双版纳的很多热带雨林都是这种热带季节雨林,这是我国生物资源最丰富的生物群落。
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