如图1是氯碱工业的流程及产物的部分转化关系,其中A、B、C、D、E分别表示一种或多种物质. 请回答下列问

2025-04-08 07:00:05
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)根据图示信息,离子膜电解槽中的溶液是食盐水溶液,电解的原理方程式为:2NaCl+2H2O
 通电 
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2NaOH+Cl 2 ↑+H 2 ↑,故答案为:2NaCl+2H 2 O
 通电 
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2NaOH+Cl 2 ↑+H 2 ↑;
(2)电解氯化钠得到的产物中,氯气和氢氧化钠之间无条件可以发生反应,离子方程式为:Cl 2 +2OH - =Cl - +ClO - +H 2 O,故答案为:Cl 2 +2OH - =Cl - +ClO - +H 2 O;
(3)要除去粗盐中含有的杂质,可以加过量的氯化钡溶液除去硫酸镁,加过量的NaOH溶液除去镁离子,加过量的Na 2 CO 3 溶液除去氯化钙,通过过滤把不溶于水的物质除去,加适量的盐酸除去过量的氢氧化钠和碳酸钠,为保证杂质全部除去,所加试剂要过量,且碳酸钠放在氯化钡后面加,这样碳酸钠既可以除去杂质还可以除去过量的钡离子,盐酸加在最后,除去氢氧根离子以及过量的碳酸根离子,故答案为:④②③⑤①或④③②⑤①或②④③⑤①;
(4)步骤③是将海带灰悬浊液中的难溶物质和液体分离的方法,实验操作名称是过滤,步骤④可用Cl 2 替代MnO 2 和H 2 SO 4 ,氯气具有氧化性,能将还原性的离子溴离子氧化,替代后该步骤发生反应的离子方程式为:2Br - +Cl 2 =2Cl - +Br 2 ,将四氯化碳加入含碘水溶液并振荡,碘单质在四氯化碳中的溶解度大于在水中的溶解度,且四氯化碳和水互不相溶,密度比水的大,所以会看到溶液分为两层,上层溶液无色,下层为紫红色,
故答案为:过滤;2Br - +Cl 2 =2Cl - +Br 2 ;溶液分为两层,上层溶液无色,下层为紫红色.

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