二氧化氯(ClO2)为一种黄绿色气体,是国际上公认的高效、广谱、快速、安全的杀菌消毒剂.(1)工业上制

2025-04-03 20:38:26
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)①HCl中的氯元素在产物存在于Cl2,氯元素的化合价升高,氯元素被氧化,HCl起还原剂作用,同时存在NaCl中氯元素的化合价未变化,故HCl还起酸的作用,故答案为:B;
②ClO2是还原产物,氯元素的化合价由+5价降低为+4价,转移电子物质的量为0.1mol×(5-4)=0.1mol,
故答案为:0.1;
(2)①由题意可知,氯离子放电生成ClO2,由元素守恒可知,有水参加反应,同时生成氢离子,电极反应式为:Cl--5e-+2H2O=ClO2↑+4H+
故答案为:Cl--5e-+2H2O=ClO2↑+4H+
②在阴极发生2H++2e-=H2↑,氢气的物质的量为

0.112L
22.4L/mol
=0.005mol,通过阳离子交换膜的阳离子为+1价离子,故交换膜的阳离子的物质的量为0.005mol×2=0.01mol,电解中阴极H+浓度减小,使得H2O?OH-+H+的平衡向右移动,溶液的pH增大,
故答案为:0.01;在阴极发生2H++2e-=H2↑,H+浓度减小,使得H2O?OH-+H+的平衡向右移动,OH-浓度增大,pH增大;
(3)ClO2将CN-氧化,只生成两种气体,应生成氮气与二氧化碳,同时生成氯离子,反应离子方程式为:2ClO2+2CN-=N2↑+2CO2↑+2Cl-
100m3废水中CN-质量=100m3×ag/m3=100ag,CN-的物质的量为
100ag
26g/mol
=
50a
13
mol,由方程式可知,至少需要ClO2的物质的量=
50a
13
mol,
故答案为:2ClO2+2CN-=N2↑+2CO2↑+2Cl-
50a
13

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