海棠花的养殖方法和注意事项 海棠花怎么养

2025-03-26 01:02:18
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

四季海棠在夏季要避免阳光直射和雨淋需要对它进行适当的遮荫和避雨。第二点盆栽的四季海棠在浇水时需要等土壤干燥了再浇水。第三点施肥在生长期我们可以每十天左右是一次通用型的水溶肥,在开花前可以施磷酸二氢钾来促进花苞的形成。

回答2:

海棠花常用播种、分株和嫁接繁殖。
(1)播种可秋播或沙藏后春播。实生苗生长缓慢,要5~6年后才能开花,且常产生变异,故仅作为砧木培育和杂交育种之用。园艺品种多用嫁接法繁殖,以山荆子或海棠实生苗作砧木,枝接、芽接都可以,枝接可用切接、劈接法,芽接多用“丁”字形接法。
(2)分株多行于早春未萌芽前或秋冬落叶后。
(3)嫁接、压条、扦插、分株、播种繁殖。春季萌芽前或秋季7-9月间嫁接。春季萌芽前或秋冬落叶后分株繁殖。春季压条和根插。春季播种前种子须经30-100天低温层积催芽处理。苗木栽植后要经常保持土壤疏松肥沃,每年秋季可在根际培以塘泥或肥土。春季进行一次修剪,剪除枯弱枝条,保持树形疏散,通风透光。 一般多行地栽,但也可制作桩景实行盆栽。栽植时期以早春萌芽前或初冬落叶后为宜。苗木出圃时,保持苗木完整的根系是栽植成活的关键之一。
一般栽植的大苗要带土球,小苗要根据情况留宿土。 苗木栽植后要加强抚育管理,经常保持土壤疏松肥沃。每年秋、冬季可在根际处换培一批塘泥或肥土。在落叶后至早春萌芽前进行一次修剪,把枯弱枝、病虫枝剪除,以保持树冠疏散,通风透光。为促进植株开花旺盛,要把徒长枝实行短截,以减少发芽的养分消耗,使所留的腋芽均可获较多营养物质,形成较多的开花结果枝。结果枝、中间枝则不必修剪。在生长期间,如能及时进行摘心,早期限制营养生长,则效果更为显著。凡盆栽的桩景更应如此控制。 遇春旱时,要进行1-2次灌溉,并注意防治金龟子、卷叶虫、蚜虫、袋蛾和红蜘蛛等害虫,以及腐烂病、赤星病等。
桩景盆栽,取材于野生苍老的树桩,在春季未萌芽前采掘。有些主根深长的种类,在起掘后要及时剪除过长主根。树桩要带好宿土,护根保湿,如作长途运输,更要特别注意根部保湿,防止根须失水而影响成活。经过1-2年的养胚,待树桩初步成型后,可在清明前上盆。栽培桩景应选用浅盆。初栽时根部要多壅一些泥土,以后再逐步提根,配以拳石,便成具有山林野趣的海棠桩景了。 新上盆的桩景,要遮荫一个时期后,才可转入正常管理。为使桩景花繁果多,水肥管理应该加强。花前要追施1-2次磷氮混合肥;花后每隔半个月追施1次稀薄的磷钾肥,以促使果实丰满,减少落果。每年春季开花1次的海棠花,如采用降温、减水、遮光等方法,能使它在当年的秋季再次开花。

具体方法:
7月上旬把盆栽的海棠花树移到避雨的阴凉处进行降温,减少光照,控制浇水。浇水务要徐徐减少,减至使植株叶片发黄自行脱落为止,以促使其休眠。尔后继续少量浇水,以维持生命和不萌发新芽为度。这样经过35-45天的休眠期,再将植株置于全光照下,浇透水、加施液肥,使之苏醒萌发新芽(叶芽花芽并生。再经过5-7天,就能见到鲜艳夺目的海棠花。 另外,还可利用其芽苞对温度敏感的习性,在隆冬采用加温催花的方法,将盆栽海棠桩景移入温室向阳处,浇透水,加施液肥,以后每天在植株枝干上适当喷水,保持室温在20-25℃,经过30-40天后,也能开花,可供元旦或春节摆设观赏用。水养大枝切花,也可在温室内促成。可在整个冬季分批水养,随开随用。
注意事项
1、浇水和施肥:浇水以盆土保持湿润为宜。干旱与盛夏天气还需对叶面和地面进行喷水,提高空气湿度有利于生长。忌盆内积水与淋雨,否则易烂根。冬季,盆土以稍偏干为好,每隔7天用清水喷洒叶片与环境,这样既增加湿度又能使叶片清洁。生长期间约10天施1次稀饼肥水;在孕蕾期追施速效的磷肥。施肥时注意,肥液勿溅到叶片上;开花期及冬、夏两季不宜施肥。
2、光照与温度:竹节海棠的生长适宜的温度为18~20℃,具有通风良好且有散射光的环境。高温季节需采取遮荫、通风、喷水等措施;冬天室温保持10℃以上为好,可置于阳光充足处。家庭莳养时,在生长季节每周要放到室外散射光下1~2次,冬季应放在向阳避风处。
3、绑扎与翻盆:由于竹节海棠植株较高大,需要用细竹等物设支架扶枝,以防倒伏。同时,每年春天需换盆、换土、修枝,将弱枝、重叠枝、残根剪掉。对已开花2~3年,过高的植株要实施短截,仅留茎部6~10厘米,让其重新萌发新枝。

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