有谁可以告诉我,历史书上的周公到底是个什么样的人啊?
推荐回答(5个)
周公
[又名:鲁周公,鲁公旦,旦] 公名旦,文王子。食采於太王所居之周邑,因号周公。武王克商,封鲁侯,不就国。成王嗣位,以太傅冢宰摄行天子事。遇谮东征,三年迎归。薨,谥曰文公。元子鲁公,先就国,传三十四世。次子留相王室,世世号周公。余子受封有凡、蒋、邢、茅、胙、祭六国。(案《周书·成开》至《王会》十二篇,皆周公书,见存不录。)
周公
姬旦,又名叔旦,周文王姬昌第四子。因封地在周(今陕西岐山北),史称周公。是西周初杰出的政治家和军事家。
周公是周武王姬发的母弟。他在周灭商之战中,“常左翼武王,用事居多。”灭商2年后,武王病死,其子成王年幼,由周公摄政。武王的另外两个弟弟管叔和蔡叔心中不服。他们散布流言蜚语,说周公有野心,有可能谋害成王,篡夺王位。周公闻言,便对太公望和召公爽说:“我所以不顾个人得失而承担摄政重任,是怕天下不稳。如果江山变乱,生民涂炭,我怎么能对得起列祖列宗,和武王对我的重托呢?”周公又对将要袭其爵,而到鲁国封地居住的儿子伯禽说:“我是文王之子、武王之弟、成王之叔父,论身份地位,在国中是很高的了。但是我时刻注意勤奋俭朴,谦诚待士,唯恐失去天下的贤人。你到鲁国去,千万不要骄狂无忌。”
不久,管叔、蔡叔勾结纣王的儿子武庚,并联合东夷部族反叛周朝。周公奉成王命,率师东征。经3年的艰苦作战,终于讨平了叛乱,征服了东方诸国,收降了大批商朝贵族,同时斩杀了管叔、武庚,放逐了蔡叔。巩固了周朝的统治(参见周公东征)。
周公平叛以后,为了加强对东方的控制,正式建议成王把国都迁到洛邑(今洛阳)。同时把在战争中俘获的大批商朝贵族即“殷顽民”迁居洛邑,派召公爽在洛邑驻兵8师,对他们加强监督。另外,周公封小弟康叔为卫君,令其驻守故商墟,以管理那里的商朝遗民。他告诫年幼的康叔:商朝之所以灭亡,是由于纣王酗于酒,淫于妇,以至于朝纲混乱,诸侯举义。他嘱咐说:“你到殷墟后,首先要求访那里的贤人长者,向他们讨教商朝前兴后亡的原因;其次务必要爱民。”周公又把上述嘱言,写成《康诰》、《酒诰》、《梓材》三篇,作为法则送给康叔。康叔到殷墟后,牢记周公的叮嘱,生活俭朴,爱护百姓,使当地吏民安居乐业。
建都洛邑后,周公开始实行封邦建国的方针。他先后建置71个封国,把武王15个兄弟和16个功臣,封到封国去做诸侯,以作为捍卫王室的屏藩。另外在封国内普遍推行井田制,将土地统一规划,巩固和加强了周王朝的经济基础。
为了进一步巩固周朝政权,周公还“制礼作乐”,制定和推行了一套维护君臣宗法和上下等级的典章制度。主要有“畿服”制、“爵谥”制、“法”制、“嫡长子继承”制和“乐”制等。其中最重要的是嫡长子继承制和贵贱等级制。在殷商时,君位的继承多半是兄终弟及,传位不定。周公确立的嫡长子继承制,即以血缘为纽带,规定周天子的王位由长子继承。同时把其他庶子分封为诸侯卿大夫。他们与天子的关系是地方与中央、小宗与大宗的关系。周公还制定子一系列严格的君臣、父子、兄弟、亲疏、尊卑、贵贱的礼仪制度,以调整中央和地方、王侯与臣民的关系,加强中央政权的统治。
周公摄政6年,当成王已经长大,他决定还政于成王。在还政前,周公作《无逸》,以殷商的灭亡为前车之鉴,告诫成王要先知“稼穑之艰难”,不要纵情于声色、安逸、游玩和田猎。然后“还政成乏,北面就臣位”。
周公退位后,把主要精力用于制礼作乐,继续完善各种典章法规。年老病终前,他叮嘱说:“一定要把我葬在洛邑,以表示我至死也不能离开成王”。不久辞世。
点评:周公旦是西周时期著名的军事家,其在东征过程中实施的团结内部、各个歼敌、军事攻势与政治争取并举的谋略,及先弱后强的作战指导,均丰富和发展了我国古代军事思想,对后世有着深远的影响。
呵呵,http://post.baidu.com/f?kz=103100887
武王之弟,周朝大功臣。“周公恐惧流言日,王莽谦恭下士时”说的就是他。
http://post.baidu.com/f?kz=103100887
武王之弟,周朝大功臣。“周公恐惧流言日,王莽谦恭下士时”说的就是他。
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