西葫芦插接法嫁接的操作要点有哪些?

2025-04-07 21:09:16
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

西葫芦插接法嫁接主要选用的是顶端插接法。其嫁接过程可分为起苗、南瓜苗去心与苗茎插孔、削切西葫芦苗以及插接等四个环节,各环节的操作要点如下:

(1)起苗瓜苗叶片上露水消退后开始起苗。砧木(黑籽南瓜)苗带钵从苗床中搬出,也可以不搬出苗床,在苗床内直接进行嫁接。西葫芦苗要从苗床中带根起出,如果瓜苗比较脏,起苗后要先用清水漂洗干净,再用多菌灵或百菌清药液漂洗一遍进行消毒,然后把瓜苗放到消过毒的湿布或干净的塑料薄膜上,待晾干表面上的水后再进行嫁接操作。

西葫芦每次的起苗数量不宜过多,每次的起苗量不宜超过20株。另外,对西葫芦苗还应当作好保湿工作,对起出而不能及时嫁接的西葫芦苗应当用湿布覆盖保湿。(2)砧木(黑籽南瓜)苗去心和插孔挑去砧木苗的真叶和生长点,然后用竹签在苗茎的顶端紧贴一子叶,沿子叶连线的方向,与水平面呈45°左右夹角,向另一子叶的下方斜插一孔,插孔长0.8~1厘米,插孔深度以竹签顶尖刚好顶到苗茎的表皮(不要刺破)为适宜。(3)削切西葫芦苗取西葫芦苗,用刀片在子叶生长方向垂直一侧、距子叶0.5厘米以内远处,斜削一刀,把苗茎削成单斜苗形。翻过苗茎,再从切面的背面斜削一刀,把苗茎削成锲子形。切面长度0.8~1厘米。切面要平。(4)插接西葫芦苗穗削切好后,插入南瓜苗茎的插孔内。西葫芦苗茎要插到插孔的尽底部,使插孔底部不留空隙。插接好后随即把嫁接苗放入苗床内,并对苗钵进行点浇水,同时将苗床用小拱棚扣盖严实保湿。

西葫芦顶端插接法的操作过程见图24。

图24 西葫芦顶端插接法操作过程1.适合嫁接的西葫芦苗 2.西葫芦苗削切 3.适合嫁接的砧木苗 4.砧木苗去心、苗茎插孔 5.接穗插入插孔 6.接穗与砧木的子叶排列方向

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