推荐回答（2个）
http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/8180484.html
宁古塔
中国清代统治东北边疆地区的重镇。满语数之六为宁古，个为塔，相传清皇族先祖兄弟6人曾居此地，故名。有新旧2城，相距25千米。旧城位于牡丹江左岸支流海浪河南岸，今为黑龙江省海林县旧街镇。康熙五年（1666）迁建新城于今黑龙江省宁安县城地。其地原为渤海故壤、上京龙泉府故址，距今县城35千米（今宁安东京城）。顺治十年（1653）设昂邦章京（意为总管）镇守，长期为清统治东北边疆地区的重镇。每年六月，派出官员至黑龙江下游普禄乡，收受库页岛（今萨哈林岛）居民贡貂。17世纪中叶，俄国哥萨克侵扰黑龙江流域，清朝多次由此地派兵征讨。康熙元年，更昂邦章京为镇守宁古塔等处将军。十五年，将军移驻吉林乌拉（今吉林）城，以副都统镇守此地。光绪二十九年（1903）设绥芬厅于宁古塔，与副都统同城治理军政事务。三十三年裁副都统。宣统元年(1909)，绥芬厅升为府，迁驻三岔口，1910年此地改置宁安府。1913年改为县。今为黑龙江省宁安县治所在地。
宁古塔是清代宁古塔将军治所和驻地，是清政府设在盛京(沈阳)以北统辖黑龙江，吉林广大地区的军事、政治和经济中心。清太祖努尔哈赤1616年建立后金政权时在此驻扎军队。地名由来传说不一，据《宁古塔记略》载：相传兄弟六人，占据此地，满语称“六”为“宁古”称“个”为“塔”，故名“宁古塔”。
宁古塔古城原在今海林县旧街古城村附近，清太宗皇太极建国号大清后，任命吴巴海为镇守宁古塔副都统，前后共有73任。由于宁古塔处于边塞要冲，光绪九年(1883)另设差大臣一员，此员为吴大澄，是清末洋务派著名人物。
宁古塔辖界在顺治年间十分广大，盛京以北、以东皆归其统。随着设厅，疆土逐渐减少。作为国防重镇的宁古塔，是向朝廷提供八旗兵源和向戍边部队输送物资的重要根据地，也是十七世纪末到十八世纪初，东北各族向朝廷进贡礼品的转收点，因此宁古塔与盛京齐名。
从顺治年间开始，宁古塔成了清廷流放人员的接收地，他们当中有抗清名将郑成功之父郑芝龙；文人金圣叹家属；著名诗人吴兆骞；思想家吕留良家属等等。他们的到来，传播了中原文化，使南北两方人民的文化交流得以沟通。流民的涌入改变了当地以渔猎为生的原始生活方式，教他们种植稷、麦、粟、烟叶，采集人参和蜂蜜，使农业耕作得到发展。
时存300年多年的国防重镇，遗留下许多历史文物，其中 古城城东4公里的觉罗古城最为著名，传为清始祖发迹之处，城外有古坟多处，包括萨布素将军墓；城内庙祠有二三十座，可惜大部已损坏；还有天聪年间修建的大石桥和桥下的泼雪泉等。
黑龙江宁安，清时称宁古塔，满语“六个”音译。传说初时有兄弟六人在那里居住，与清室攀得上远亲。宁古塔无塔，吴江学子吴兆骞（字汉槎）曾因科场案流放宁古塔二十三年。末期好友顾贞观以《金缕曲》二首言于纳兰性德，通过大学士明珠（纳兰之父），吴才得回故园，三年后病逝，有《秋笳集》传世。
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