根据消费增长和经济增长之间的关系,消费模式可分为哪

2025-04-02 11:34:15
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

最终消费支出是“三驾马车”之 一,是拉动一个国家或地区经济 增长的基本动力。在投资与消费 的关系中,消费是再生产的重点 和起点,消费创造出投资的动 力,也是扩大投资、发展生产的 根本出发点和最终目的;投资则 创造出消费的内容和方式,只有 在经济发展的基础上才能扩大消 费,不断提高人民的生活水平。 另外,投资和消费在国民收入分 配中具有此消彼长的关系,如果 长时间维持高投资必然抑制消 费,造成消费需求不足,因此要 保持消费与投资的合理比例关 系。各国经济社会发展规律表 明,人均GDP超过2000美元时, 消费就会成为拉动经济增长的主 要动力。世界各国尤其是大国, 始终把扩大国内消费、促进消费 升级、培育消费热点作为发展经 济的重要任务随着经济全球化程度加深,国际 市场风险加剧,外贸出口难度不 断扩大,特别是受国际金融危机 的影响,出口对经济增长的拉动 作用下降,在这种背景下,促进 经济增长主要依靠扩大内需。投 资是短期扩大内需的有效手段, 但从长期来看,只有把投资建立 在消费市场的有效需求之上,才 能有效拉动内需的扩大,也就是 说消费是拉动经济增长最终和最 关键的动力源。社会消费品零售 总额是反映最终消费的重要指 标,即反映最终消费支出中的实 物商品消费,而实物商品消费在 最终商品消费支出中占有较大的 比重。由于社会消费品零售总额 是通过多种商品流通渠道向城乡 居民和社会集团供应的消费品总 量,所以它能揭示国内消费品零 售市场的变动规律,反映宏观经 济景气程度以及总需求和总供给 之间的变化情况。社会消费品零 售总额的上升意味着消费需求增 加,就会刺激投资,增加产出, 改善企业效益,提高居民收入; 反之,社会消费品零售总额的下 降意味着消费需求的疲软,对经 济增长有明显的拖累作用。从社 会消费品零售总额与国内生产总 值在历史上的增长情况来看,消 费的变动与经济波动的趋势基本 上是一致的,即消费增长较快 时,经济增长速度也较高;消费 市场疲软时,经济增长也放缓。

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