液动锤提钻取心钻探方法

2025-03-17 02:42:40
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

液动锤钻探是在回转钻探的基础上,通过泥浆泵输出的冲洗液驱动液动锤内部的冲 锤对钻头施加一定频率和能量的冲击载荷,加速碎岩,它是在钻头上加有冲击载荷的回转 钻探(图6-4),因此可大幅度提高硬岩钻进时效,减轻孔斜,减少岩心堵塞,提高钻头寿 命,降低成本,提高综合效益。

图6-4 冲击回转钻探与回转钻探示意图

液动锤冲击回转钻探是对现有回转钻探的重大改革,是继现代金刚石钻探之后的钻探 新方法。它较好地利用了坚硬岩石脆性大而抗剪强度较低不耐冲击力的弱点,提高碎岩效 率,是解决坚硬岩层和某些复杂岩层钻探效率低、钻孔质量差的有效钻探技术。目前主要 有阀式液动锤和射流式液动锤两种类型。

液动锤提钻取心钻探方法是液动锤与提钻取心结合形成的组合取心钻探方法之一。利用液动锤冲击回转钻进的优势,大大改善了提钻取心方法的工作状态,使传统的提钻取心 方法拥有了很多新的优点[14,47]:

(1)可有效提高钻进效率。给钻头施加的冲击载荷是高频脉动载荷,应力集中,瞬时可达极高值,易使岩石产生体积破碎,同时所需冲洗液排量大,减少重复破碎,可提高钻 效30%以上;

(2)可有效减少岩心堵塞,减少辅助时间,提高取心质量。破碎地层钻进易发生岩心堵塞,对深孔钻探非常不利,而在液动锤高频脉动载荷的作用下,可有效减少岩心堵塞,提高回次长度。

(3)可有效减轻孔斜。一是冲击载荷的传递方向与钻孔轴线方向一致,二是可采用低钻压、低转速钻进,这都有利于减轻孔斜;

(4)可有效克服坚硬致密地层钻头“打滑”。高频脉动冲击有利于金刚石出刃,在硬岩致密弱研磨性地层钻进,减少钻头打滑;

(5)可有效减轻钻具磨损,减少动力消耗。液动锤冲击回转钻进,不必开高转速,这 对深孔钻进非常有利,可有效减小回转阻力,降低消耗,同时减轻钻具磨损;

(6)钻进利用现场常规设备,配套方便,投资少。适用孔深大(目前最大井深已达 5129m);潜孔钻进,能量损失小,对钻具(尤其是钻杆螺纹)损伤低。

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