推荐回答(3个)
培养基装管装瓶(袋)后,应立即进行消毒灭菌,如灭菌不彻底,就容易产生杂菌,给生产造成损失。
(一)母种培养基灭菌法
母种培养基灭菌一般用手提式高压锅。灭菌时将试管7~10支扎成一捆,再用防潮纸或牛皮纸包住试管棉塞,管口朝上,防止灭菌时棉塞潮湿。高压灭菌的时间,在1.2kg~1.5kg/cm2压力下保持15~20分钟即可。但在使用高压锅灭菌时还应注意如下事项:
1.灭菌时锅中水要放至水线为止。如放水过少易引起烧干及烧焦培养基;如放水过多,棉塞易潮湿,以后易感染杂菌。
2.锅内的冷空气必须排除干净,否则达不到灭菌的温度。排除锅内冷空气的方法有两种,一是将灭菌锅升火后,从开始出气起,经5分钟左右的排气,至从排气阀出的气达到直喷时,再关闭排气阀;另外一种是将排气阀关闭升火,待压力升到0.5kg/cm2时,打开排气阀,使指针降落到“0”后,再关闭气阀,烧至所需压力。
3.灭菌时间不易过长或过短,过长养分易被破坏,培养基颜色发黄,对菌丝生长不利;过短则达不到灭菌的效果。灭菌结束后,放气速度不能太快,宜逐渐进行,使指针慢慢下降到“0”,才揭开锅盖,否则棉塞容易冲出试管。
在没有高压锅的条件下,可以用土蒸汽锅灭菌,但要相应延长灭菌时间,在100℃下的温度应保持4~6小时。为了灭菌彻底,可采用间歇灭菌法,每天水烧开后蒸煮1小时(100℃),连续三天。
培养基灭菌结束后,应立即取出试管直立放置2~3分钟,待试管壁上的水珠回到培养基内后,再趁热搁置斜面。这样,试管壁上不会有大量的水珠,温度适当。斜放时,一般使斜面为试管总长的二分之一至三分之一。放好后,再用纱布覆盖,防止冷却过程中因温度急剧变化而使管壁形成水珠。
经灭菌后的斜面试管,必须在接种前于每一批或每锅中取出3~4支,放在28℃~30℃的恒温箱中培养2~3天作空白试验。经培养后,斜面仍光洁透明,无杂菌或细菌出现,则表示灭菌彻底,可作接种用。如发现杂菌,则应找出原因,并将这批试管重新灭菌一次后方可使用。
(二)原种、栽培种的高温灭菌
原种、栽培种所需的数量多,灭菌一般采用较大的灭菌锅。采用高压蒸汽锅进行湿热灭菌时,升温火力应逐渐加大,以防锅内温差变化太大,引起玻璃瓶炸裂破损。当压力开始升到0.5kg/cm2时,即打开排气阀排出冷气,待冷空气放尽后,再关上排气阀重新升温,烧至所需压力。
高压灭菌所需要的时间,应根据培养基原料的种类和生熟程度来决定长短。木屑、棉壳、蔗渣和种木为主料的培养基灭菌时的蒸汽压力要求达到1.5kg/cm2,保持60分钟;稻草培养基和粪草培养基,在同上的压力下,保持90分钟;而麦粒培养基则要保持120分钟,才能达到灭菌效果。
采用土锅灭菌时,在98℃~100℃的温度下,需连续灭菌6~8小时;麦粒培养基的灭菌时间须达12小时为宜。停火后再焖蒸3~4小时才能出瓶(袋)。
采用塑料薄膜袋装菌种培养基灭菌时,可按以上方法进行灭菌。聚乙烯耐压,耐温性能差,故只能采用常压灭菌,100℃保持8~12小时。聚丙烯塑料薄膜耐温、耐压性能好,可在1.5kg/cm2压力下保持2小时,灭菌彻底且不会破裂。灭菌后不要立即打开锅盖,待温度下降至50℃时趁热开锅取出,这样可减少每包粘连一起的现象。
培养基灭菌完毕从锅中取出后,应放于清洁、凉爽、干燥的室内进行冷却待接,并在棉塞上喷5%石炭酸或0.25%新洁尔灭溶液,以防杂菌感染。
先制备好培养基后,倒入三角瓶中(注意,体积最好不要超过三角瓶的三分之一,这样有利于你倒平板或者到斜面时便于操作),用棉塞或者透气塑料塞塞住瓶口。再用牛皮纸或报纸包住塞子。放进高压蒸汽灭菌锅(如果条件达不到,放进手提式灭菌锅里也可)。(在外层锅内加适量的水,水面正好与网底平齐),盖好锅盖并对称地扭紧螺旋。打开电源,设置温度121摄氏度,时间20min 压力表为33.78kPa时,打开排气阀,将冷空气排出,此时压力表指针下降,当指针下降至零时,即将排气阀关好。然后,当温度稳定在121摄氏度后,等待20min,其自行断电。让其自然冷后再慢慢打开排气阀以排除余气,开盖取出培养基即可。
注意:必须将冷空气充分排除,否则锅内温度达不到规定温度,影响灭菌效果;灭菌完毕后,不可放气减压,否则瓶内液体会剧烈沸腾,冲掉瓶塞而外溢甚至导致容器爆裂。须待灭菌器内压力降至与大气压相等后才可开盖;
你用的是什么培养基?如果是厌氧管的话就扎好直接放里面就行了,如果是培养皿的话,你先用锥形瓶放好东西,用报纸封住口放到灭菌锅里的就行了,灭完菌在无菌台上操作倒平面
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