历史上张良有过什么贡献?

2025-04-07 08:02:28
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  1. 轻取南阳,清除后患:刘邦西行入关之时,为了抢时间,在打败南阳守军之后,决定放弃乘胜追击彻底解决南阳的机会。关键时刻,张良主动劝谏,分析利弊。刘邦很是受用,采纳了他的建议,连夜回军,以“约降”的方式和平解放了南阳,避免了腹背受敌的窘境,消除了西行入关的后顾之忧。

  2. 智取峣关,进入咸阳:秦王子婴杀掉乱政的赵高后,派重兵踞守峣关,企图阻止刘邦入关。刘邦顺利通过武关后,便遭遇了驻守的峣关秦军。刘邦急于进入咸阳,竟打算用自己的两万人马与秦军死磕。张良力劝他,不如先行贿,再利用秦将的懈怠搞突击。凭借张良的计策,刘邦才能顺利进入咸阳。

  3. 退出秦宫,还军灞上:刘邦入了秦宫,眼花缭乱,心里琢磨着想在宫中留宿。樊哙、张良双双出马做他的思想工作。刘邦还军灞上,避免了队伍的迅速腐败,也为以后入关灭项留足了后路。

  4. 利用项伯,化险为夷。刘邦入关后犯了一个致命的错误——兵封函谷关——企图称王关中,引得项羽震怒,差点儿让刘邦集团毁于一旦。幸亏项伯施以援手,刘邦得以脱险。整个鸿门事件前前后后,张良随机应变,以一“骗”字力助刘邦成功脱险。

  5. 下邑画策,重用人才。彭城大败后,刘邦提出了“捐关以东”的大战略,张良适时推荐了韩信、彭越、黥布三位大将。在这之后,刘邦重用韩信,拉拢彭越,策反黥布,最终战胜了项羽。

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