寻找低氟地下水源

2024-11-18 09:45:39
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

在研究区高氟地下水深度划分中,我们将埋深在50m范围内的含水层中的水称为浅层地下水,埋深大于50m的地下水统称为中深层地下水,即本研究中的深层地下水,因此以豫东平原周口至开封一线及南阳盆地为例,在浅层地下水为高氟地下水、同时深层地下水为低氟地下水地区通过开采深层地下水获得饮用水源;当深层地下水为高氟地下水而浅层地下水为低氟地下水时,我们可通过开采常分布于高渗速、交替性好的古河道主流带岗地或地表水侧渗补给混合冲淡较强的傍河地带的浅层低氟地下水作为饮用水源。

从多层次地下水流动系统嵌套的角度出发,结合南阳盆地的地貌类型及地质分类特征,由南阳盆地高氟地下水分布图(图10-1)中可以得出,研究区内浅层和中深层低氟地下水的分布范围:

图10-1 南阳盆地浅层、中深层高氟地下水分布图

(1)浅层低氟地下水分布范围较广,这主要是由盆地边缘的剥蚀岗地流向中部的冲洪积和冲湖积平缓平原的局部地下水流动系统决定,在盆地边缘的内乡县、镇平县、方城县、社旗县及泌阳县等绝大部分地区处于剥蚀残山丘陵或剥蚀岗地向冲洪积倾斜平原的过渡地带,属于局部地下水流动系统的补给区,浅层低氟地下水常分布于上中更新统砂、泥质砂砾石含水层,氟含量一般在0.4~0.6mg/L之间,可作为冲洪积倾斜平原中残留岗地上病村的饮用水源;同时在局部流动系统中的径流段如邓州市内除裴营乡等地点外的绝大部分地区及唐河县绝大部分地区处于冲洪积或冲积带状倾斜平原地带,浅层低氟地下水常分布于全新统至中更新统砂泥质砂砾石层,氟含量一般在0.5~0.8mg/L之间,可作为冲洪积倾斜平原及冲湖积平缓平原中病村(如邓州市的裴营乡)的饮用水源;局部流动系统中的排泄区是指盆地中部偏南地带,如新野县内除官庄镇和施庵镇等地点外的大部分地区均广泛分布浅层低氟地下水,该地区处于盆地中部的冲洪积及冲湖积平缓平原,浅层低氟地下水常分布于上更新统的砂、泥质砂砾石含水层中,氟含量一般在0.6~0.9mg/L之间,可作为冲湖积平缓平原中病村(如新野县的施庵镇及官庄镇等地)的饮用水源。

(2)中深层低氟地下水的分布范围较浅层低氟地下水更为广泛,受到盆地边缘的剥蚀山地流向盆地中部冲积平缓平原的区域地下水流动系统的控制,在区域流动系统中补给段、径流段及排泄段的绝大部分地段属于低氟地下水,除了零星分布的高氟地下水区如社旗县郭集乡和邓州市裴营乡外,低氟地下水氟含量一般在0.3~0.5mg/L之间,常见分布于上中更新统的砂砾石含水层中,深度在50~200m之间,因此在上述高氟地下水分布区内的病村可通过开采防氟浅井作为饮用水源。

以豫东平原周口至开封一线为例,结合由豫西山区至豫东平原区的区域地下水流动系统与研究区内受地形地貌控制的局部流动系统的嵌套关系,由研究区内的浅深层高氟地下水分布图(图10-2)得出区内低氟地下水分布范围:

在兰考—杞县—西华营镇—周口一线以东地区,该地段靠近区域流动系统的汇区,浅层地下水往往呈高氟含量的特点,这主要是由区域流动系统的汇区决定,从而形成连续片状的高氟地下水分布区,如太康县的逊母口镇—大许寨乡一带地下水中氟含量一般在1~3mg/L之间,因此在寻找该地区的低氟地下水时主要通过局部流动系统的源区获取,如研究区内的条形岗地、冲残积岗地等地段的地下水可作为该地区内病村的饮用水源,井深一般在50m之内。

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