道家学派的代表人物有谁

2025-03-13 02:09:13
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

道家学说形成于先秦时期,与儒家文化互相激荡,相辅相成一起成为中国古代文化的思想脊柱,道家学说是以道为最高哲学范畴、道是世界的最高实体,道既是宇宙万物的本原,也是宇宙万物赖以生存的一句。道家学派以道来探究自然、社会、人生之家的关系。主要代表人物老子、庄子.
老子:《道德经》一书五千言,八十一章。前三十七章为《道经》,后四十四章为《德经》。
老子的哲学是从宇宙到人生再到政治。“道”是老子哲学思想的理论基础,是由人生论、社会论和政治论上升到本体论的高度概括。
老子》作为中国哲学史上第一部具有完整哲学体系的著作,其思想的传播,对整个中华民族的思想和心理都有深远的影响。老子的思想曾对孔子和孙子的思想有一定的影响。直接继承道家传统的庄子思想对后来的佛教禅宗和中国文艺的发展,特别是对中国知识分子的追求理想人格和人生境界都产生过重大的影响。
庄子,名周,战国时蒙人,曾为蒙漆园吏。和孟子同时,比孟子略晚一点。约生于公元前355年(周显王十四年),卒于公元前进275年(周赧王四十年)。庄子家境贫穷,曾居住陋巷,以织屦为生。
庄子信奉老子的学说,同为道家学派的代表人物。他的思想相当复杂,攻击儒、墨,主张回归自然;愤世嫉俗,痛恨黑暗现实,楚威王曾重金聘他为相而遭拒绝;富于批判精神,但同时又想取消斗争,否定知识,有浓厚的消极情绪。
现存《庄子》一书,分内篇、外篇、杂篇。内篇七篇,外篇十五篇,杂篇十一篇,共三十三篇。其中《内篇》七篇,一般认为是庄周本人所作;其《外篇》十五篇及《杂篇》十一篇,有些学者则认为是后世道家学者所依托。
庄子,名周,战国时蒙人,曾为蒙漆园吏。和孟子同时,比孟子略晚一点。约生于公元前355年(周显王十四年),卒于公元前进275年(周赧王四十年)。庄子家境贫穷,曾居住陋巷,以织屦为生。
庄子信奉老子的学说,同为道家学派的代表人物。他的思想相当复杂,攻击儒、墨,主张回归自然;愤世嫉俗,痛恨黑暗现实,楚威王曾重金聘他为相而遭拒绝;富于批判精神,但同时又想取消斗争,否定知识,有浓厚的消极情绪。
现存《庄子》一书,分内篇、外篇、杂篇。内篇七篇,外篇十五篇,杂篇十一篇,共三十三篇。其中《内篇》七篇,一般认为是庄周本人所作;其《外篇》十五篇及《杂篇》十一篇,有些学者则认为是后世道家学者所依托。
庄子通过“象罔得到玄珠”的寓言,用老子“有”“无”“虚”“实”的思想对《辞系传》“立象以尽意”的命题作了修正,强调只有有形和无形相结合的形象(“象罔”)才能表现宇宙的真理(“道”)。庄子的这个思想,对中国古典艺术的意境结构有着巨大的影响。
老子和庄子皆是代表小国贵族的思想家。他们反对侵略,鄙视富贵,主张均平,反对压迫。为了实现自己的社会理想,他们主张小国寡民,公社复归,并主张实行愚民政策,不尚贤,反对儒家提倡的礼制。从主流上说,老子、庄子都是反封建压迫的哲人。在哲学思想上,老子、庄子都认为天下万物出于道,属于客观唯心主义范畴。他们都有朴素的辩证法思想。老子、庄子是我国最早提出完整的宇宙观和认识论的学

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