蜡增稠剂的性能和组成是什么?

2025-04-08 04:56:11
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

卡拉胶又称为麒麟菜胶、石花菜胶、鹿角菜胶、角叉菜胶,因为卡拉胶是从麒麟菜、石花菜、鹿角菜等红藻类海草中提炼出来的亲水胶体,它的化学结构是由半乳糖及脱水半乳糖所组成的多糖类硫酸酯的钙、钾、钠、铵盐。由于其中硫酸酯结合形态的不同,可分为K型(Kappa)、I型(Iota)、L型(Lambda)。广泛用于制造果冻,冰淇淋,糕点,软糖,罐头,肉制品,八宝粥,银耳燕窝,羹类食品,凉拌食品等等。含有卡拉胶基本结构的红藻品种多达80余种,不同的海藻品种含有卡拉胶的类型和数量各

异。如主产于菲律宾海域的Eucheuma Cottoni 品种主要含Kappa型卡拉胶;产于印尼海域的E.spinoswm则主要含iota 型;产于摩洛哥海域的衫藻属Gigartina Acicularis 主要含λ型卡拉胶;而来自Chondrus Crispuspus等的许多品种则含有几种类型的卡拉胶是混合型。不同红藻来源的卡拉胶有不同的精细结构,其胶体性质也不相同,即使是同一来源,不同的工艺提取条件导致不同的分子量降解,产品性质也是有差异的,因此卡拉胶只是一个广义的名称。

由于卡拉胶是水溶性多糖化合物,因此它在水中很难分散,溶解性越差的卡拉胶越易分散。

在60~70度的热水里可溶解得到7%~8%的卡拉胶溶液,这种溶液立即形成团块,使用高速混合机很容易把这些团块打碎。为促进卡拉胶的溶解,在食品工业生产中,一般使用82度以上的热水对其进行溶解分散。

凝胶性

在食品工业中卡拉胶主要用作凝胶剂、稳定剂和持水剂。其凝胶强度、粘度和其他特性很大程度上取决于卡拉胶的类型和分子量、pH、含盐、酒精、氧化剂和其他食品胶的状况。

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