简述现浇钢筋混凝土结构和预制装配式混凝土结构的优缺点
推荐回答(2个)
预制装配整体式钢筋混凝土结构房屋体系,可实现高质量、大规模的工业化生产。其主要特征为:
1、生产以工厂为核心,大量的建筑构件在工厂完成批量生产,生产效率较高。
2、建筑构件用模具生产,工艺条件得到改善,减少了人员变动因素对质量的影响,提高了质量水平。
3、生产不受季节和天气变化影响。
4、现场作业以装配为主,减少了现场的湿作业和人工用量,施工速度快。
5、易于实现模数化、标准化、规模化生产。
我公司研发的装配整体式钢筋混凝土房屋,其工业化的思路为:将水平受力构件和垂直非受力构件预制,如:非承重的内外隔墙、阳台、楼梯、楼板、梁等均可预制,而垂直受力构件仍采用现场浇筑,如结构柱、剪力墙等。所有构件之间的连接采用现浇整体连接,这样既保证了结构的整体性,又提高了建筑的工业化程度,同时满足了“强柱弱梁”“强剪弱弯”“节点更强”的建筑设计理念;可广泛应用 于住宅、办公、医院、学校、商业等一般民用建筑。针对砖混结构、框架结构、框架—剪力墙结构、剪力墙结构等不同的结构形式,可具有不同的解决方案。
中山市快而居房屋预制件有限公司传承其前身为香港澳门生产预制PC构件的经验,组织技术人员进行科技攻关,根据国内设计规范和建设标准,研发出了适合国情的住宅产业化的技术和工艺,在建筑结构形式、构件连接方法、安装工具、施工工法等方面,已经产生多项技术成果。在预制PC构件厂的工艺流程设计、建筑构件拆解、模具设计和制造、构件生产等方面具有独到的经验,并延伸至工器具加工、技术培训、建厂投资分析等服务环节,可以从多个角度为投资人、设计单位、施工单位提供一条龙、全系列的专业服务。
对于如何考虑选取那些构件在工厂里生产,总体上应该遵循如下原则:
1、质量原则。为了消除质量通病,提高建筑物的质量水平,在现场生产又难以保证的,应该考虑转移到工厂来制造。用标准模具生产,可保证产品质量。
2、价格原则。对于现场生产成本过高,工厂化生产具有价格优势的部件,应该选择在工厂里生产。例如楼梯。
3、难易原则。对于在现场施工难度太大,工业化生产可以降低生产难度的部件,应该考虑在工厂里生产。如外围护墙,现场施工有砌筑、抹灰、保温、装饰多个施工环节,特别是带有异形飘窗时支模困难,在工厂里将多个工序集中到一个模具里生产,模具可以重复利用,降低了生产难度;阳台等悬挑构件支模难度大,可以采用预制阳台;卫生间沉箱要求留洞准确,施工复杂、防水要求高,可以采用预制沉箱,甚至预制整体浴室。
4、进度原则。由于工厂的生产工艺条件好,生产效率高,且不受季节和天气影响,减少了施工的交叉作业,以空间的变换来赢取时间,可以明显加快进度,特别是在北方寒冷地区,冬季可以在工厂里生产储存构件,其它季节运到现场安装,施工速度快。
5、环境原则。传统施工“三废”污染严重,施工噪音扰民经常引发冲突,转移到工厂生产后,现场以装配作业为主,减少了建设过程的污染情况,水电消耗下降,有利于节能环保和清洁生产,特别是在现场工地狭小的情况下,只有采用预制的方法才能解决场地不足的矛盾,降低对周边环境的施工干扰影响。
这是根据工程要求施工条件确定的设计方案很难评定谁优谁劣!
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