飞禽动物的分类有那些?

2025-03-17 01:56:29
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

海鸥

海洋的上空也是不寂寞的。翱翔在海洋上空、从海洋里获取食物的鸟类有8,000多种,约占世界已知鸟类种数的30%。虽然它们为了孵蛋、养育幼鸟,需要在陆地上筑巢,但是它们的一生,大部分时间是在海洋上或在飞越大洋中度过的。

一提起海鸟,人们往往会想到海鸥、海燕和信天翁,其实,海鸟的种类很多。人们习惯把海鸟分为两大类:一类被称为大洋性海鸟,如信天翁,这种鸟在远离大陆的大洋上空生活,除繁殖期外,几年可以不着陆;另一类为海岸性海鸟,如海鸥、军舰鸟,这种鸟白天出海觅食,天黑返回陆地过夜。

军舰鸟

信天翁和海燕是典型的大洋鸟。它们体大翅长,其中一种名为流浪者的信天翁,两翅张开长3.6米以上。无论刮风下雨,它们整天在大洋上空飞行,在闪电雷鸣的夜间海空里,也常能瞥见它们急掠的身影。带有红色颈囊的军舰鸟,则是典型的沿岸和海湾水域的栖息者。海鸥是最常见的海洋鸟类,叫声像猫叫。我国北方的渔民管它们叫海格子。海鸥为了觅食,常常伴随海上军舰和轮船航行,觅食船尾被螺旋桨打晕的鱼虾。海员开饭的时候,无论是航行状态还是在港湾里停泊,都有大批海鸥准时赶来,争抢海员丢弃的剩饭剩菜,为海员寂寞的海上生活增添许多乐趣。海鸥是海员的好朋友,海员都不伤害海鸥,海鸥也信任海员。企鹅也是海洋鸟类,不过,企鹅的飞行能力已经退化。但是,企鹅能够用灵巧有力的短翅,在冰冷的海水里飞快地游动。

海鸟有高超的潜水本领,大部分能潜到十多米直到上百米。鲣鸟可从100多米高空收拢双翼,如同一枚发射的炮弹,钻入海中,下潜几十米,然后再浮上水面。为了防止潜水时海水灌入鼻孔,这类海鸟的鼻子经过长期演化,已失去外鼻孔。海鸟中的潜水冠军要算南极的企鹅了,它能下潜到270多米的水中。海鸟还有迁徙的习性,如威尔逊海燕在南极海域的岛屿上繁殖,而要飞越1万多海里北上到拉布拉多度夏,待南半球夏季来临时再返回。海鸟这种导航定向本领,目前仍属科学上的不解之谜。

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