关于信用证结算方式的优势

2025-04-02 03:13:53
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

信用证作为商业贸易的手段之一,有着极其悠久的历史,在国际贸易中尤为重要。自十九世纪中叶以后,随着国际贸易的不断发展,信用证使用迅速得到普及。

商业信用证乃是进口商的代理银行为进口商提供自身的信用,保证在一定条件下只要是出口商开给进口上的票据,便应承付。进而言之,即是将所开票据当作开给本行的票据。所谓信用证即是保证承付这些票据的证书。

在国际贸易中,出口商比进口商更多地感到买卖的风险以及金融上的不便。首先,出口商对进口商的信用状况不是十分清楚。当然,通过从前的贸易关系、在商业界的评价、以及委托代理银行作信用调查,可以在某种程度上了解其信用状况,然而在一项项具体的生意中,进口上究竟能否如实履行合同,能否如是付款,仍然不清楚。如果进口商一但出现违约的情况,出口商只能进行诉讼的话,便只能求诸于对方国家法院的帮助。信用证则可以打消出口上的此种疑虑与不安。

出口商的第二大问题是金融问题。假如没有信用证,出口商将如何谋求收回货款呢?若能要求进口商预付货款,则是最为可靠的,然而这样做法是将商业风险和金融负担一并转嫁给进口商,因而进口商是不会轻易承诺的。那么采取另外一种办法,即把开给出口商的汇票附上装运单据提供给代理银行,请代理银行贴现。可是作为汇票贴现银行,因为不知道进口商究竟是否能如拴汇票付款而感到不安,便需要考虑出口商的信用,以便碰到拒付时可以要求偿还。所以,出口上必须具有相当的信用方可。作为担保而提供的装运单据仅是属从性质的担保而已,因为遇到拒付时,即便想将担保货物转售,由于银行不熟悉商业行情,会产生很多不利与困难。一般来说,贴现行若不能从出口商赚取相当利润,便不会从事这项货汇交易。可以顺利进行货汇交易的典型例子,是出口商与进口商均为同一有名的大贸易公司的分公司,且对此进行金融业务的银行在出口地与进口地均有分行。

基于以上原因,银行一般不会接受贴现押汇票据。在这种情况下,出口商则迫不得已只好要求办理托收,但汇票承付以后,在收回押款。应用这种方法,出口上必须等待很长时间才能收回货款。尤其在国际贸易中,货运时间很长,而且尚需办理进口手续,还有外汇管理等各种情况,因而在押款回收上有不少风险,况且在押款回收之前出口商不得不全靠自己的资金进行金融业务。

综上所述,无论是请银行贴现货款,还是选择托收方式,均由金融上的困难。惟有信用证可以免除这些不便,即银行成为出口商与进口商的中介,信用可靠的银行取代信用状况不清的进口商,成为汇票收受人或保证人,所以只要持有合乎信用证条件的汇票,既可确保收款。同样,由于有信用保证的银行取代信用不可靠的进口商,贴现行对汇票的支付打消了顾虑,就会承诺贴现。从而,进口商不用担心象不带信用证的交易那样失去保证金,可以谋求以有利的条件实行贴现。对出口商来说,由于开出了信用证,贸易合同油料可靠的保障,同时在货物装运后即可取得货款,可以得到这一金融上的便利。另外,从进口商来看,由于进行信用证贸易,因而避免了预付货款的风险,而且由于给了出口商以信用证的便利,可以避免出口商在商品价格中增算风险成本,能够以最有利的低价进口商品。

回答2:

对~题目是《论信用证结算方式的优势 》~
请大家帮帮忙~谢谢~

回答3:

回答4:

自数要求``2000字左右````!!!!

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