子曰:「圣人立象以尽意,设卦以尽情伪,系辞焉以尽其言。变而通之以尽利,鼓之舞之以尽神。」求解

2025-03-10 16:43:43
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

【原文】子曰:“圣人立⑴象⑵以⑶尽⑷意,设⑸卦⑹以尽情⑺伪⑻,系⑼辞焉以尽其⑽言⑾。变⑿而⒀通⒁之以⒂尽利⒃,鼓⒄之⒅舞⒆之以尽神⒇。”

【译文】老师说:“编纂《易经》的圣人决定用典型去最大限度地阐述他所要表达的内容,创立了占测用的一套预定符号用来最大限度地体现事情的来龙去脉变化,与占测符号联缀在一起的文辞用来最大限度地展现他的主张。表达的内容合情合理并且可供众人共同实际施行的特点更加最大限度地体现了《易经》的好处,文字能激发人们的情绪,都想方设法觅取到这部书更加最大限度地发挥了《易经》的引导、教化作用。

注释:⑴“立”确定;决定。《后汉书·郎顗传》:“恭陵火灾,主名未立。”

⑵“象”典型。《易经·系词上》:“是故夫象,圣人有以见天下之赜,而拟诸其形容,象其物宜,是故谓之象。”(形:通“型”。模型;楷模;典型。)

⑶“以”连词。表示目的关系,相当于“去”“用来”“目的在于”等。《韩非子·五蠹》:“有圣人作,构木为巢,以避群害。”

⑷“尽”力求达到最大限度。《礼记·曲礼上》:“虚坐尽后,食坐尽前。”

⑸“设”创立,建立,开创。《公羊传·桓公十一年》:“权之所设。”注:“设,施也。”

⑹“卦”占测用的一套预定符号。《说文》卦,筮也。按,所以筮也。

⑺“情”实情,情况(指事情的来龙去脉)。《史记·高祖本纪》:“列侯诸将无敢隐朕,皆言其情。吾所以有天下者何?”

⑻“伪”通“讹”。改变;变化。《楚辞·刘向〈九叹·怨思〉》:“若青蝇之伪质兮, 晋骊姬之反情。”

⑼“系”联缀。杜预《春秋经传集解序》:“记事者以事系日,以日系月,以月系时,以时系年。”

⑽“其”根据情况所指的、提到的或认为的那个(人、物、意思或时间)的。《孔雀东南飞》:“其日牛马嘶,新妇入青庐。”⑽

⑾“言”学说;主张。《孟子·滕文公下》:“天下之言不归杨,则归墨。”

⑿“变”《汉语大词典》 通“辩”。正当。(合情合理。)。《礼记·礼运》:“故国有患,君死社稷谓之义,大夫死宗庙谓之变。”

⒀“而”连词。表示顺接,即连接的两部分在意义上是并列、承接或递进关系。可译作:就,并且,有时也可不译。《荀子·劝学》:“君子博学而日参省乎己。

⒁“通”共用(用:施行,实行。实际施行。);互通。《礼记·内则》:“外内不共进,不共湢浴,不通寝席,不通乞假。”

⒂“以”副词。相当于“益”“更加”。《吕氏春秋·观表》:“魏日以削,秦日益大。”

⒃“利”利益,好处。《尚书·秦誓》:“以保我子孙黎民亦职有利哉。”  

⒄“鼓”鼓动(用语言、行动、文字等激发人们的情绪,使他们行动起来。)。《庄子·盗跖》:“摇唇鼓舌,擅生是非。”

⒅“之”人称代词。代替人或事。《尚书·皋陶谟》:“安民则惠,黎民怀之。”

⒆“舞”设法觅取。《康熙字典》又变弄也。《前汉·张汤传》:舞文巧诋。(变弄:谓设法觅取。《红楼梦》第三六回:“宝官道:'才出去了。一定就是龄官要什么,他去变弄去了。’”)

⒇“神”《汉语大词典》犹化。感化;教化;潜移默化。《吕氏春秋·具备》:“说与治不诚,其动人心不神。” 高诱注:“神,化。言不诚不能行其化也。”(化:用言行影响、引导,使有所转变。《易·乾卦》:“善世而不伐,德博而化。”)

回答2:

这是《周易·系辞上》中的一段话,大意是:
孔子说:圣人立卦象用象征的方式完整地表达其意,设置卦爻来说明万物的真伪,开篇都用系辞来总述他要说的内容。变通流行以发挥其利用,鼓动激扬以展示其神奇奥妙。

回答3:

孔子说:

书(文字)不足以尽言,言不尽意,文字语言的表达总有局限性。

那么,圣人之意,就不可以洞见吗?

孔子申论道:

圣人立卦象以象征的方式尽达其意,设置卦爻以尽万物的真伪,

系文辞以尽述其所言,变通流行以尽其利用。

鼓动激扬以尽其神奇奥妙。

崔修彬编,《中国四大宝典》海南出版社,1995年版,

P253-254

回答4:

可以参考一下宇文所安在《中国文论:英译与评论》中的解释,我觉得解释得很透彻。

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