推荐回答(1个)
花生是需肥量较大的豆类作物,增施肥料不仅能提高花生的产量,而且还可以改善花生的品质。花生需要较多的营养元素是氮,磷,钾,钙四种,而且对硼,钼,铁,锰,镁等微量元素需要迫切,反应敏感,适时施用一定量的钙,硼,钼等营养元素,对花生的增产有很大的作用。那么这三种肥料各有什么作用呢?是否可以混合喷施呢?

一,钙,硼,钼肥的作用和施肥期
1,钙肥
钙是作物生长发育必需的营养元素之一,它不仅影响花生等作物的产量,而且还影响作物质量,抗病能力等。作物缺钙首先会在生长点上表现出症状,轻则呈现凋萎,重则生长点坏死,幼叶变形,叶尖弯曲成钩状,叶片皱缩,边缘卷曲,植株矮小簇生,早衰,倒伏,不结果或少结果。
如花生缺钙,会在老叶的背面出现疤痕,随后叶片的正面出现棕色的枯死斑块,空荚多,籽粒不充实不饱满。
花生在结荚期对钙的吸收最大,可占全生育期需钙量的90%以上。因此在花生的开花下针期追施钙肥最佳。
常见的钙肥有生石灰,熟石灰,生石膏,骨粉等,这些仅可土壤施用,而叶面喷施常用的是氯化钙,硝酸钙,氢氧化钙,及某些螯合钙等。

2,硼肥
硼肥的作用主要是影响细胞的伸长和分裂,是作物开花结果和生长点的生长所必需的营养元素,对作物花器官的形成和发育有重要的作用。因此当硼肥充足时,作物生长繁茂,籽粒饱满,数量多,根系发达。反之则生长发育不良,籽粒减少,果实产量和质量都会下降。
花生缺硼主要表现为生长发育缓慢,幼叶变为淡绿色,叶片畸形,节间变短,茎尖枯亡,不能开花,籽粒不饱满。
花生在幼苗期和初花期需硼较多,较敏感,因此在此期间可喷施硼肥。现在常用的硼肥主要有硼砂,硼酸,流体硼等。

3,钼肥
钼肥在作物中与氮和磷的转化或代谢过程有着密切关系,可参与氮的转化和豆科作物的固氮过程。当钼肥缺乏时,蛋白质的合成和固氮作用受阻。
花生缺钼时,叶色淡黄,容易出现斑点,叶片边缘发生焦枯,向内卷曲,并呈失水状,有时生长店死亡,生长发育不良,表现出缺氮的症状,严重时中脉坏死,叶片变形。常用的钼肥是钼酸铵。
钼肥的使用同硼肥一样,时间也是在幼苗期和初花期。
现在大家为了省工省力,大都会把微肥混合使用,也会同农药或者是常用化肥之间混合施用,但需注意遵循,一是混合后能使肥料的物理性状得到改善,二是不能使其中任何一种肥料的肥效降低。那么钙,硼,钼三者之间可否混配呢?

二,钙肥,硼肥和钼肥三者之间可否混配呢
它仨之间是可以混用的,但从肥效和最佳使肥期上来说,钼肥和硼肥大多使用在花生的幼苗期和初花期,而钙肥主要是用在结荚期,因此说来,在花生初期喷施硼肥和钼肥时,可不必加钙肥,在花生结荚前可单独喷施钙肥,或钙肥加硼肥,促进花生对钙的吸收。
微肥的混合使用,要看土壤和作物而定。一般来说,适于碱性土壤的硼,锌,锰,铁等微肥可以混合使用,适于酸性土壤的铜肥则没必要进行混用。此外,尿素,氯化铵,硝酸铵和过磷酸钙肥等可以与微量元素肥混合施用。锌肥不能与氨水,草木灰等碱性较强的肥料混施,最好也不要与过磷酸钙等可溶性磷肥混用,以免形成磷酸锌沉淀,降低肥效。微肥同农药的混用,要根据混合后是否产生沉淀而定,如果出现浑浊或沉淀,则不能混合,反之则可。有些微肥同其他物质理论上可混用,但谁也不能保证各混配物是否是纯粹的,制造者是否加入了某些隐性物质,因此你在两种物质混配前,一定要注意试验一下,做到心中有数方可。

总之,微肥间如果可混,要先将一定量的微肥按比例兑水,水要清洁,并注意搅匀。喷施宜在无露水时进行,如有露水则肥液不宜附着于叶片上,且易被稀释,也不要在高温炎热的天气下施用,因蒸发快而易灼伤叶片且不利于吸收。最好是在下午4时后喷施,效果较好。
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