推荐回答(4个)
因为宋朝没有天时地利人和。

宋朝的时候重视文人,漠视武将。统治者甚至让文人来指挥作战。请问有几个文人能够铁血沙场?加上燕云十六州当时重兵布防,对于辽国来说,燕云十六州对于他们的战略意义极其重要。所以自然不可能让宋朝给打回去。但是宋朝也不敢彻底弄丢燕云十六州。毕竟如果燕云十六州丢了,那么必然祸及中原。所以,双方其实处于僵持状态。不过宋朝对于燕云十六州的态度其实也是很微妙的,一是宋朝的经济其实挺好的,年收入能够达到2亿白银,明朝才2千万白银,所以,不是很想打,但是不打不行。所以,就只能僵持。毕竟拿下燕云十六州,也打不过外面的北方民族。

而明朝不一样。元末明初的时候,朱元璋和朱棣天时地利人和,燕云十六州的布防已经和宋朝不一样的,很薄弱。这是很关键的一点。其次,朱元璋和朱棣本身就是从战场中拼杀出来的,自然作战经验也不同,比宋朝更懂得带兵打仗。最重要的,元顺帝本身就是北方民族,早就吓得逃跑了,所以,对于燕云十六州外的民族也是一种威慑。这也是为什么明朝一年收复,宋朝却300年都没有收复。

要怪只能怪,宋朝没占据天时地利人和,所以能够一直保持这种僵持状态也是可以的。至少没有早早的断送政权,没有让北方民族早早的剑指中原。总的来说,还是要怪宋朝软弱,明朝强势。同样都是汉人政权,朱元璋和朱棣还是很懂得占据重要位置,以及枪杆子里出政权的重要道理的。所以,明朝真的没有必要得到我们后世太多不好的评价。毕竟明朝的一部分君王确实做到了天子守国门,君王死社稷,很有风骨。
因为元朝的首都,元大都就是今天的北京,本身就是燕云十六州之一,如果收不回,那就没有灭掉元朝,明就不算真正建立了。
燕云十六州,即今北京、天津全境,以及河北北部地区、山西北部地区。失岭北(王维诗中都护在燕然的燕然都护府)则必祸燕云,丢燕云则必祸中原。
燕云十六州又称“幽蓟十六州”、“幽云十六州”,“燕云”一名最早见于《宋史·地理志》,包括燕(幽)、蓟、瀛、莫、涿、檀、顺、云、儒、妫、武、新、蔚、应、寰、朔,共十六州。幽、蓟、瀛、莫、涿、檀、顺七州位于太行山北支的东南方,其余的云、儒、妫、武、新、蔚、应、寰、朔九州在太行山的西北,燕云十六州的重要性之于南方犹如岭北行省之于北方,所处的地势居高临下,易守难攻,地缘战略价值巨大。
明朝洪武元年(1368年)八月,明太祖朱元璋遣徐达、常遇春攻克大都,燕云十六州得以重新并入汉人势力范围。
北宋还真没有完全收回来过,中间断断续续占过那么几个,金国也还过几个,但是中原王朝完整意义上的收复燕云十六州,应该是明代了已经
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