结核病人的饮食原则有哪些?

2025-03-15 12:49:03
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

保证热量的供给

结核病人长期的发热、盗汗等增加了热能消耗,因此,结核病人的热能供给要超过正常人,每天应供给热能40~50kcal/kg。若病人有严重毒血症影响消化功能,应根据病人实际情况,循序渐进地提供既富含营养又易消化的饮食。

供给足量优质蛋白

病人康复需要大量的蛋白质。提供足够蛋白质,有助于体内免疫球蛋白的形成和纠正贫血症。每天蛋白质供给量为1.5~2.5g/kg,其中优质蛋白质占总量的1/3~2/3,如肉类、奶类、蛋类、禽类、豆制品等。酪蛋白有促进结核病灶钙化的作用,所以,牛奶和奶制品至今仍然被认为是结核病人最好的食物,因牛奶中含有丰富的酪蛋白和钙质,有利于结核病人的康复。

供给丰富的维生素

维生素C对机体恢复健康有一定的保进作用,维生素B1、维生素B6能减少抗结核药物的副作用,维生素a可增强上皮细胞的抵抗力,维生素d对钙的吸收有帮助,因此新鲜的蔬菜、水果、鱼虾、动物内脏和蛋类应多食。

矿物质和水分要适量补充

肺结核、肠结核病人有可能出现贫血,因此要注意补给含铁丰富的食物,肉类、蛋黄、动物肝脏、绿叶蔬菜等都是铁的良好来源。长期发热,盗汗的病人,应及时补充钾、钠和水分。肾结核病人要多喝水,可稀释和冲淡炎性产物,有利于减少尿道刺激症状。

结核病人的饮食要注意全面调配,提倡食物多样,荤素搭配,做到色、香、味俱全,营养全面。结核病病人,要避免辛辣等刺激性调味品,但不需忌口。发热或肠结核病人可食细软、易消化的半流质食物。禁止饮酒,因为酒精能使血管扩张,加重肺、气管等结核病人的咳嗽、咯血等症状。

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