推荐回答(3个)
缓冲电路(Snubber Circuit)又称为吸收电路。其作用是抑制电力电子器件的内因过电压、du/dt或者过电流和di/dt,减小器件的开关损耗。[1]在电力电子电路中,用于改进电力电子器件开通和关断时刻所承受的电压、电流波形。通常电力电子装置中的电力电子器件都工作于开关状态,器件的开通和关断都不是瞬时完成的。器件刚刚开通时,器件的等效阻抗大,如果器件电流很快上升,就会造成很大的开通损耗;同样器件接近完全关断时,器件的电流还比较大,如果器件承受的电压迅速上升,也会造成很大的关断损耗。开关损耗会导致器件的发热甚至损坏,对于功率晶体管(GT
缓冲电路
R),还可能导致器件的二次击穿。实际电力电子电路中,还常由于二极管、晶闸管等的反向恢复电流而增加电力电子器件的开通电流,由于感性负载或导线的分布电感等原因造成器件关断时承受很高的感应电压。采用缓冲电路可以改善电力电子器件的开关工作条件。
缓冲电路的基本工作原理是利用电感电流不能突变的特性抑制器件的电流上升率,利用电容电压不能突变的特性抑制器件的电压上升率。图示以GTO为例的一种简单的缓冲电路。其中L与GTO串联,以抑制GTO导通时的电流上升率dI/dt,电容C和二极管D组成关断吸收电路,抑制当GTO关断时端电压的上升率dV/dt,其中电阻R为电容C提供了放电通路。缓冲电路有多种形式,以适用于不同的器件和不同的电路
吸收电路一般由电阻、电容和二极管组成,常和开关管或二极管(包括高频整流二极管)并接,使开关管上电压的应力减小、EMI减少,使负载线的轨迹不超过安全工作区,不发生二次击穿。下面仍以反激转换器为例进行介绍。
当图1所示的控制脉冲Ug在t=t1为低电压时开关管V趋于关断,Ic下降,由于Lp、LLT的作用,集电极电压增加,形成Isnb吸收电路电流,以维持变压器初级绕组电流Ip不变(Ip=IC十ISNb).ISNb流过D1对C1充电。
如果开关管V关断的很快(最好条件),集电极电压的变化率dUC/d/由下式决定
随着开关管V的关断,线性增加的集电极电压Uce在t=t3时达到2倍Ui的电压。短时间之后(延时决定于初级至次级漏电感的大小),当次级绕组电压上升到Ucz加上D2的压降时,形成圆弧形上升的电流Iso在这时反激电流将从初级至次级电路换流,换流过程的速率由次级漏电感及外部电感电容来决定。
图2
图1中示出了初、次级换流过程的波形。在t=t2,Ip=0时,开关管V的Uce=Uceo的70%为好。此后在Isnb充电下,Uce继续斜线上升,当上升到2×Ui时,极性反转的P4电压耦合到△,足以使D3导通,因此在t=t3时出现IFB,抑制了Uce的继续上升。在IFB=0时,次级达到I'S电流稳压值。
如果要实现上述理想情况,需要仔细地选择参数和实验调整。图2示出了无吸收环节情况。图3示出了有吸收环节的情况。
图3
值得指出的是,如果开关管V装有散热器时,散热器是集电极(或是隔电传热式)。在开关管V的集电极与电源公共线之间存在电容时,它为集电极电流提供了工条附加的通路。它也是引起集电极电流存在的事实。不过,它与安装有关,与开关管本身存在的Miller电流效应不能混淆。另外,它的数值也比较大一些,它的存在对减小dUcd/dt是有好处的。
缓冲电路 - 缓冲电路 电容和电阻串联而成的电路。
用于改进电力电子器件开通和关断时刻所承受的电压、电流波形。
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