推荐回答(2个)
夯锤的重量及尺寸。
强夯夯锤质量宜为10~60t,其底面形式宜采用圆形,锤底面积宜按土的性质确定,锤底静接地压力值宜为25~80kPa,单击夯击能高时,取高值,单击夯击能低时,取低值,对于细颗粒土宜取低值。锤的底面宜对称设置若干个上下贯通的排气孔,孔径宜为300~400mm。

强夯地基施工注意事项
施工前场地要进行平整,场地表面如果有巨大的孤石要先清除,曾遇到一个工程,强夯场地表面有很多花岗岩巨石,工程技术人员都比较头痛,最后决定试夯后清除表面孤石并整平场地。
试夯后确定是否需要补土或者削土,使整个场地强夯后的地面高程能达到设计要求,以免强夯后地面标高偏高或者偏低,偏高则需削土,偏低则需回填土或再做地基处理,两者皆造成建设成本增加和施工工期的延长。
土地基和强夯地基的质量控制要点
a.施工前就根据设计要求的锤重、落距、夯击点布置及夯击点的夯击数,进行现场试夯,以确定正式施工时采用的技术参数。
b.强夯地基场地应预先按地面高程用推土机平整。遇地表层为细粒土,且地下水位高的情况下需在表层铺0.5~2m左右的砂、砂砾或碎石,使地表面形成硬层,避免设备下陷和便于消散强夯产生的孔隙水压力,又可加大地下水和表面层的距离,防止夯实效率降低。当地下水位距地表面2m以下且表层为非饱和土时,可直接进行夯实击。
c.夯击点距一般根据基础布置、加固土层的厚度和土质情况而定。加固土层厚、土质差、透水性弱、含水量高的,夯点间距宜大,加固土层薄、透水性强、含水量低的砂质土,间距可小。夯点布置按设计要求进行控制,其偏差不得大于5cm。夯击时应保证夯锤落锤平稳,夯位正确,若有偏心应采取措施使其平衡。
d.强夯施工必须按试夯确定的技术参数进行,夯击遍数和两遍之间的间歇时间必须符合设计要求或施工规范规定。每夯点夯击数一般为3~10击,夯击遍数可一般为2~5遍。对于细颗粒多的土层,取决于孔隙水压力的消散时间,一般为1~4周。地下水位较低和地质条件较好的场地,可采用连续夯击。
e.当第一遍夯击完成后,用新土或坑壁的土将夯坑填平,再进行下一遍夯击,直到将计划的夯击遍数完成为止。最后一遍满夯(搭夯),其落距约为3~5m。
f.强夯后的土体强度随夯击后间歇时间的增加而增加,一般检验强度效果,宜在强夯之后1~4周进行,不宜在强夯结束后立即进行测试,否则,测得的强度偏低,不能反映实际效果。
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