纳兰性德的《蝶恋花 又到绿杨曾折处》赏析

2025-04-04 06:17:16
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

又到绿杨曾折处,不语垂鞭,踏遍清秋路。衰草连天无意绪,雁声远向萧关去。 不恨天涯行役苦,只恨西风,吹梦成今古。明日客程还几许,沾衣况是新寒雨。

先看首句,“又到绿杨曾折处”,诗人不直陈痛楚,而将其深隐于“绿杨”依依之中,这种隐忍使情意又深了一层。更重要的是,一个“又”一个“曾”,完成了时空上的移位与重叠。故地重游,绿杨依旧,一如当初折柳相望、依依不舍之时(因“柳”与“留”谐音,古人在送别时有折柳相送的习俗)——谁料如今物是人非,竟只剩下自己孤独漫游。昨天——今天,两个既同又异,亦幻亦真的片断,彼此交叠,诗句便多了一层深婉迷离的意趣。这种不经意(这种不经意的写法必定经过诗人精妙的提炼才不露斧痕)营造的时空上的错乱,近乎幻觉,也接近了思念的极致。试想一下,若不是最深沉最痛切的思念又怎么令人如此恍惚、迷惘? 承接首句,“不语垂鞭,踏遍清秋路”,看似平铺而下,其实布局精巧。“不语”承接首句的惝恍迷离的状态,而“垂鞭”已将诗人的思绪引回到现实之中。“垂鞭”意指诗人心绪沉重,纵马缓行。马足所及,又轻轻勾连“踏遍”一句。从时间上看,这两句完成了从“昨”到“今”的交接,回忆转瞬即逝,只剩下冰冷的现实、意念成灰的自己;而从空间上看,这两句将思绪由“折柳处”引向了“衰草连天”更为广褒的空间。于是诗人在现实中痛感自己的孤单无依,也不得不面对无边无际的“清秋”“衰草”,无力地抵挡着秋意凄凉的侵蚀。意犹未尽,“雁声”又将秋意带到“萧关”(在古代为西北的一处要塞)更遥远的地域;一个“远”字,令愁情绵延不尽。 下片的“天涯”收结了上文,也极言“行役”之遥远之漫长。分明苦不堪言,偏偏还说“不恨”,翻出新意,更为后文“只恨西风”伏笔——原来还有可恨之事甚于“天涯行役”之苦。 “只恨西风,吹梦成今古”,出语新巧、奇警,含意蕴藉、深长。“吹梦”之说不是首创,较早见于南朝民歌《西洲曲》:“南风吹我意,吹梦到西洲”。但两者各尽其妙,并不雷同。风吹梦,本来给人以无限迷朦、无尽怅惘的意味,由典故中的熏暖的“南风”变为可恨的“西风”,却陡增了几分凌厉、残酷的意味。如果说南风是传递爱情的浪漫信使,为何西风却要一下子将美梦吹散吹灭?只因诗人所要抒发是天涯羁旅、人各一方的怨恨,而不是《西洲曲》中少年春心萌动、欲诉相思的闲愁。把梦吹成了“今古”应属诗人首创,妙就妙在:它在前面对空间极力拓宽的基础上,进而完成了对时间的无限延伸——于是,诗歌的时空结构便变得更加辽阔、苍茫了。试想一下,诗人踟蹰于无边秋色之中,正梦沉沉地怀想曾有的美好时光,忽然一阵无情的西风将一切剪碎、摧毁,记忆中的那个人、那些事随风而逝,顿时变遥不可及;与伫立于西风中的孤单凄然的自己,更是隔着无尽岁月的重重阻隔——就像一个在今日、一个在古代,隔着无可逾越的鸿沟。这种无望的相思,让人想不起,又放不下,记不清,又忘不了,这是怎样的一种痛楚啊!相比之下,诗人才说天涯行役的苦又算什么呢?再一细想,改变我们记忆与人生的,难道只是西风吗?诗人用的是移情手法而已。人世间,多少海枯石烂,变成了一回眸的沧海桑田;多少刻骨铭心,变成了一转身的珍重再见——谁又找出真正的主犯?而“西风”只是恰好具有无情、残酷的特征,便成了诗人发泄怨恨的对象。 最后以“明日客程”收结,“明日”,意味着时间在绵延,“客程”,意味着空间还在扩大,“新寒”更使诗人惊觉时间流逝与生命匆促。一片“雨”色里,全诗笼罩在朦胧凄冷的情调之中。总而言之,在这首短小的词里,诗人着意拓展了诗歌的时空,遂令天之悠悠、地之茫茫,无时不怀想,无处不相思,写出了思念之极致。这份穿越时空的思念,才是真正的“地久天长”。

回答2:

又到绿杨曾折处,不语垂鞭,踏遍清秋路。衰草连天无意绪,雁声远向萧关去。 不恨天涯行役苦,只恨西风,吹梦成今古。明日客程还几许,沾衣况是新寒雨。

回答3:

非常好

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