推荐回答(1个)
第一,健全制度,正确授权,解决职权异化。正确授权首先要选“准”掌权人,这一“准”是遏制滥用职权的前提和基础。选准掌握职权的人关键在于把握正确的用人标准,它决定职权是否真正掌握在德才兼备的人手里。正确授权就是要严格按照正确的程序和方法,要严格民主推荐制度,严格贯彻公开民主竞争和公正原则。其中民主是选人的基础和前提,是选准人的关键所在。它要求选任公务员时必须实实在在地体现民意,让掌权者充分认识到他的职权是人民赋予的,要用于人民,要全心全意为人民服务。在解决正确授权的同时,还要健全授权后的剥夺制度。人是有两面性的,尽管用人制度健全,完善考核很严格,也难免不称职的人被选用,或任用时虽具备了资格条件,但后来发生了蜕变。这在现实社会中很多,这就要求把职位剥夺制度建立起来。能随时剥夺滥用职权者手中的权力,使权力在任何环节和过程中都掌握在党和人民放心的人手中。
第二,分解职权,加强权力监督,避免职权过分集中。职权集中有两种原因:一是制度上的原因;二是掌权人自身的原因。在制度上各种职权界限不清晰,在行使职权时具有一定的排他性,不愿受到任何干涉,充分体现个人的意志,充分发挥自己的职权,从而就可形成滥用职权,以权谋私。因此要通过对职权的分解和调整,使各个职权范围形成合理层次,构成要素界限要清楚,同时要能相互制约,相互牵制,相互监督,要制订科学详细的职权运作程序,尽量缩小职权运作过程的弹性,避免因弹性过大给滥用职权留有空间。
第三,行使职权要公开,接受人民监督。行使职权的过程,实际上就是决策的过程,决策的公正、公平、正确与否直接影响着职权实施的结果,只有决策透明,才能让人民群众看到一个“干净”的决策,才能唤起人民群众执行决策的自觉性,保证其正确实施和目标的实现,才能避免给滥用职权造成可乘之机,只有决策过程公开,才能保证职权不被异化。
失去人民监督的职权,就是脱离群众的集权和专断,必然产生滥用,这就要求不宜公开之处,都要向人民群众公开。如选人用人公开、政务公开、警务公开、财务公开、检务公开、公开审判等,通过增加透明度,把各种职权运作过程呈现于人民群众面前,接受人民监督、正确行使职权,防止滥用职权。
第四,制约职权,防止“失控”。职权失控就是指掌握职权者越出授权范围,违背职权运作程序,避开各种监督独断地行使职权。首先要对行使职权时的行为规范,对掌权者的职权范围,职权运作程序给予明确规定,这是一项关键性措施。其次要实行同步监督、同事监督,这样才能达到事半功倍的效果,这也是一个很好的防治措施。“根治不如防治”,防治同样可遏制滥用职权。再次要充分发挥新闻媒体的监督作用,现有些事通过正常渠道很难解决,而通过新闻曝光,把滥用职权造成的后果置于光天化日之下,这就是人们通常说“当官的不怕通报,就怕见报”,从而防止其滥用职权。
除以上对策外,我们还要通过教育,强化掌权者的思想觉悟,树立全心全意为人民服务的意识,强化法律意识,用法律制约职权的滥用,总之各种办法兼而用之,综合施治,才能有效地遏制滥用职权犯罪的发生。
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