热喷涂、冷喷涂的原理、技术、特点?

2025-03-12 17:33:53
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

热喷涂
是一种
表面
强化技术,是
表面工程技术
的重要组成部分,一直是我国重点推广的
新技术
项目.它是利用某种热源(如电弧、
等离子弧
或燃烧火焰等)将粉未状或丝状的
金属

非金属材料
加热到熔融或半熔融状态,然后借助焰留本身或
压缩空气
以一定速度喷射到预处理过的
基体
表面,沉积而形成具有各种功能的
表面涂层
的一种技术。
这在
高速气流
的作用下使之雾化成微细熔滴或
高温
颗粒
,以很高的飞行速度喷射到经过处理的
工件表面
,形成牢固的
覆盖层
,从而使工件表面获得不同
硬度
、耐磨、耐腐、耐热、抗氧化、隔热、绝缘、导电、密封、消毒、防
微波辐射
以及其他各种特殊物理化学性能。它可以在设备维修中修旧利废,使报废的零部件“起死回生”;也可以在
新产品
制造中进行强化和预保护,使其“益寿延年”。
喷涂
粉末
在整个热喷材料中占据十分重要的地位。热喷涂
合金粉末
包括镍基、铁基和
钴基合金
粉,按不同的
涂层
硬度,分别应用于
机械
零部件的修理和防护。
热喷涂技术特点:
1、基体材料不受限制,可以是金属和
非金属
,可以在各种基体材料上喷涂;
2、可喷涂的涂层材料极为广泛,
热喷涂技术
可用来喷涂几乎所有的
固体
工程材料
,如硬质合金、
陶瓷
、金属、石墨等;
3、喷涂
过程
中基体材料温升小,不产生应力和变形;
4、操作
工艺
灵活方便,不受
工件
形状
限制,施工方便;
5、涂层
厚度
可以从0.01至几毫米;
6、涂层性能多种种多样,可以形成耐磨、耐蚀、隔热、抗氧化、绝缘、导电、防辐射等具有各种特殊功能的涂层;
7、适应性强及经济效益好等
优点

常用的热喷涂方法:
火焰喷涂
、氧乙
火焰粉末喷涂
、氧乙火焰
线材
喷涂、氧乙火焰喷焊、高速火焰喷涂(HOVF)、电弧喷涂、
等离子喷涂
、大气等离子喷涂、
低压
等离子喷涂

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