《使至塞上》的解释
特别是“大漠孤烟直,长河落日圆。”的解释
推荐回答(3个)
使至塞上
王维
单车欲问边,属国过居延。
征蓬出汉塞,归雁入胡天。
大漠孤烟直,长河落日圆。
萧关逢候骑,都护在燕然。
开元二十五年(七三七),诗人以中央官吏的身分奉命到边疆去慰问守卫边防的将士,这首诗是在出塞途中写的。
他自己以单车出使,到前线视察和慰问边防将士,此时从居延城经过。开头两句交代了出使的目的和经过的地点。“问”,是慰问的意思。“边”,指边塞。也就是下句说的“居延”一带地区。居延城,也叫居延塞,在今内蒙古额济纳旗一带,汉太初三年(公元前一O二年)路博德筑于居延泽上,以遮断匈奴由此侵入西河之路。“属国”,典属国的简称,掌管藩属国家事务的官职,这里用来借指作者自己。第二联描绘了塞外的景色。它紧承第一句,说自己深入边塞地区,有如随风飘去的蓬草,踪迹不定。又好象归去的大雁进入北方的天空(胡天)。句中的“征蓬”和“归雁”的比喻很确切,它写出了诗人单车独骑深入塞地的形象,也传达了作者此时此地的心情。
“大漠孤烟直,长河落日圆”,这是历代读者广为传诵的名句。曹雪芹在《红楼梦》中,写香菱谈到这一联时说:“想来烟如何直?日自然是圆的,这‘直’字似无理,‘圆’字似太俗,合上书一想,倒象是见了这景的,要说再找两个字换这两个,竟再也找不出来。”烟怎么会直?有的注说,烟指烽火台上烧狼粪的烟,所以是直的。“直”字和“圆”字准确地描绘了塞外壮阔的景象。有的说“孤烟”是沙漠地区旋风卷起的“沙柱”,远远望去,如烽烟孤直。突出了塞外风光的特色。
下面是追叙,追叙他在过居延以前,行到萧关(今甘肃省环县北)时,曾经遇到了前方骑马回业的侦察兵(候骑jì),报告说前线打了大胜仗,将军们还在“燕然”山上刻石纪功。“都护”,各处边防所设的最高武官,这里指前方将领。“燕然”,山名,即今蒙古人民共和国杭爱山。这里并非实指,是作为前线的代称。后汉时窦宪打退匈奴的进犯,击溃北单于,登上燕然山,刻石立碑纪功,这里也是借来形容前线军事胜利的形势。前面两句写景,后面两句突然又写前线打了胜仗,表面看来,似乎联系得不紧,实际上,这正是点睛之笔。前面写了祖国山河的美,这美写得越充分,就越能激发起人们对祖国的热爱。作者出塞的目的是慰问边防将士,鼓励他们更好地守卫祖国的安宁。祖国这样美好,人民在这美好的土地上和平劳动,保卫人民不受外来的侵扰,是前方将士的职责。所以说,后面这两句诗决不是硬加上去的,它和前面是和谐统一的,是作者爱国思想的自然流露。
轻车要前往哪里去呢?出使地在西北边塞。象随风而去的蓬草一样出临边塞,象振翮北飞的归雁一样进入边境。浩瀚沙漠中醒目的烽烟挺拔而起,长长的黄河上西下的太阳圆
圆的。到了边塞,只遇到留守部队,原来守将们正在燕然前线。
使至塞上
王维
单车欲问边, 属国过居延。
征蓬出汉塞, 归雁入胡天。
大漠孤烟直, 长河落日圆。
萧关逢候骑, 都护在燕然。
开元二十五年(737)河西节度副大使崔希逸战胜吐蕃,唐玄宗命王维以监察御史的身份出塞宣慰,察访军情。这实际是将王维排挤出朝廷。这首诗作于赴边途中。
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