推荐回答（2个）
宋元时期南下船舶主要冬季
宋元时期南下船舶是木质船，为了更快更安全的到达西洋,必须要选择一个合适的时间来达到顺水顺风的效果.
那么在世界洋流中,北印度洋海区因受季风环流的控制,洋流流向在一年中具有明显的季节变化,从10月至来年的3月－4月,亚洲大陆被强大的高压所笼罩,此时海洋是低压,这样风就由大陆吹向海洋,在北印度洋海面就盛行东北季风,因此（冬季）印度洋海水就会向西流动,这样的话,对于要向西航行的郑和船队来说无疑是‘助一臂之力’了,所以说宋元时期南下船只出航基本是以冬季为主!
宋元时期，泉州海外交通、贸易空前繁盛。泉州港（亦称刺桐港）被誉称为“世界最大贸易港”之一而驰名中外，与埃及亚历山大港齐名。
宋时泉州与国外往来的有70余个国家和地区，海外交通畅达东、西二洋，东至日本，南通南海诸国，西达波斯、阿拉伯和东非等地。进口商品主要是香料和药物，出口商品则以丝绸、瓷器为大宗。
宋元佑二年(1087年)，泉州设立市舶司，嗣后又设来远驿，以接待贡使和外商。为鼓励海外交通贸易，宋代的泉州市舶司和地方官员，每当海舶入港或出航的季节，特为中外商人举行“祈风”或“祭海”活动，以祝海舶顺风安全行驶。
元代，泉州港得到了进一步的发展，有贸易关系的国家和地区增至近百个，其贸易范围仍以通西洋为主，相对稳定的航线大抵与宋相仿。当时泉州港是国际重要的贸易港，也是中外各种商品的主要集散地之一。经泉州港进口的香料有58种，宝货珍玩12种，工业原料27种，纺织品19种，金属物9种，器用品6种，副食品7种。经泉州出口的丝绸织品54种，陶瓷器41种，金属、杂货和药物63种，远销到64个国家和地区。
进入明代，泉州的社会经济进一步发展，但由于明政府施行了严厉的“海禁”，限制泉州港只通琉球，使泉州港对外贸易受到极大限制。成化十年(1474年)市舶司移设福州，泉州的来远驿也随同市舶司废置，标志着泉州港外贸地位的下降。清代，在清初战争和海禁、迁界的影响下，泉州的社会经济遭到严重破坏，港口的繁华已烟消雾散，城市也凋零殆尽，泉州港的外贸业务全由厦门港所取代，从此以后，泉州港便走向衰落，变成地方性的小港。
出航为冬季，返航为第二年春季。
南海盛行东北季候风，宋元时期的南下，大多利用季风为动力。每年立冬或冬至时节，趁东北季风扬帆南下，至翌年清明或端阳节前后，再趁西南季风返航。
帆船行驶就需偏东或偏北来抵消风力对方向的影响。这样，凡南北向航行，均偏向东北和东南，凡东西向航行，均偏向东北和西北。二地往返针位和更数数(即航向和航程)不能尽同。
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