django model的get和filter方法的区别

2025-03-26 15:47:32
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

django的get和filter方法是django model常用到的,搞清楚两者的区别非常重要。

为了说明它们两者的区别定义2个models

class Student(models.Model):
name = models.CharField('姓名', max_length=20, default='')
age = models.CharField('年龄', max_length=20, default='')

class Book(models.Model):
student = models.ForeignKey(Student)

一.先说下django的get方法:

1django的get方法是从数据库的取得一个匹配的结果,返回一个对象,如果记录不存在的话,它会报错。
比如我数据库里有一条记录,记录的name的值是"Python"的话,我用student = Student.objects.get(name='老王python'),
返回的是一个记录对象,你可以通过student.__dict__来查看,它返回的是一个字典的形式,{'key':valeus},key是字段的名称,而values是值的内容。
而如果我用get方法来查询一个数据库里不存在的记录,程序会报错。
比如:student = Student.objects.get(name='老王'),你自己可以运行看下。

2如果你用django的get去取得关联表的数据的话,而关键表的数据如果多于2条的话也会报错。
比如我的student表里有一个记录:
id name age
1 python 24

book表:

id student_id
1 1
2 1

我用
student = Student.objects.get(name='python')
book = Book.objects.get(student)
它也会报错,因为book表有2条记录和student表相匹配。

二.再说下django filter:

1django的filter方法是从数据库的取得匹配的结果,返回一个对象列表,如果记录不存在的话,它会返回[]。
比如我数据库里有一条记录,记录的name的值是Python的话,我用student = Student.objects.filter(name='老王python')
它返回的student是一个对象的列表,可以看的出来student[0]和上面的get方式返回的student的结果是一样的。

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