油用牡丹的详细介绍

2025-03-30 20:22:30
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

世界上最好的食用油在中国诞生,“牡丹油”被称为“液体黄金”。
2011年3月,国家卫生部监督局根据《食品安全法》的规定,经新资源食品评审专家委员会审核,公开批准牡丹籽油等为新资源食品。牡丹籽油正式成为我国食用油大军中的一员,牡丹籽油的开发意义非同寻常,它将改变目前我国食用油的消费结构。
中国林科院通过对压榨牡丹籽油分析,这种以牡丹籽仁为原料,经压榨、精制等工艺而成的金黄色透明油状液体,不饱和脂肪酸含量高达92%以上,其中α-亚麻酸占42%,多项指标超过被称为“液体黄金”的橄榄油。中国林科院化验人员惊叹:这是世界上最好的食用油!目前,经国内油脂权威部门江南大学和中国粮油质量监督检验中心等多家专业机构测试表明,牡丹籽油的不饱和脂肪酸含量90%以上,尤其难能可贵的是,多不饱和脂肪酸-亚麻酸含量超过40%,是橄榄油的40倍。
牡丹籽,色黑、皮硬、味苦,不规则圆型,比黄豆稍大。凤丹、紫斑两个牡丹品种,结籽多,生长快,适合药用。在高产试验中牡丹籽曾经达到过亩产1980市斤,目前普通的凤丹一般亩产可以达到800到1000市斤花籽。而一亩黄豆的产量也就是300来市斤,在出油率相同的情况,牡丹籽的产出率是大豆的三倍,一亩牡丹等于三亩大豆。这还不算牡丹在结籽的同时,还能同时生产丹皮。如果对牡丹花蕊再加以利用,生产牡丹茶和其他保健食品,一亩凤丹的经济效益远远高于大豆和其他经济作物,产值可达1万多元。牡丹是木本植物,多年生,不用像大豆一样年年播种,除了前三年没有产量外,此后30-60年里产量一直会很稳定。
油用牡丹是一种多年生小灌木,也是一种很好的生态树种。油用牡丹栽植密度(定植)为每亩2200棵左右,株行距:0.5×0.6米。油用牡丹种植后,可以收益40年,堪称铁杆庄稼,不换茬就意味着节省了人力、物力和财力。  油用牡丹耐干旱、耐瘠薄、耐高寒。安徽铜陵凤凰山一带的凤丹牡丹8个月不下雨没有旱死;甘肃兰州、定西一带紫斑牡丹种在海拔2000米以上的高寒、干旱、贫瘠山岭上,年降雨量仅300毫米就可生长,每亩还能结籽400斤左右,并且这种地方生产出的牡丹籽油α-亚麻酸含量高达49%,被称为脑黄金之最。  我国西北黄土高原不少区域都适合油用牡丹的生长,陕西延安万花山的紫斑牡丹每年每亩产籽可达500多斤。根据第七次全国森林资源清查报告显示,我国现在还有宜林地66060万亩,这为我国油用牡丹的发展提供了广阔的空间。

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