推荐回答(5个)
是药就有三分毒,所以,应该是有副作用的.
在传统医学,甘草(licorice)是多属于使药,它有调和诸药的功能,而且很多传统药方都用上甘草配搭。
甘草来自豆科植物甘草(Glycyrrhizauralensis)的根及根状茎,含有很多化学成分,但以甘草甜素(Glycyrrhizin),甘草次酸(glycyrrhertinicacid)为主。
市面上出售的零食如糖果、酸梅、橄榄,有些是用甘草调制或混有甘草,可是如果长期吃甘草,或是吃了大量的甘草,那恐怕会有不良后果。
甘草的药理作用有肾上腺皮质激素(荷尔蒙)样作用,很多对甘草有认识人的知道过量的甘草会使到尿量及钠(sodium,盐含有成分)的排出减少,身体会积存过量的钠(盐分)引起高血压;水分储存量增加,会导致水肿。同时过多血钾流失引起的低血钾症,导致心律失常,肌肉无力。这些研究结果,早已在西方的医学文献刊出。
更有报告指出它还可以影响脑部,病人会出现嗜睡的症状。
冰岛大学研究发现大量服甘草者血压增加
冰岛大学曾对甘草进行研究,研究人员选出43名血压正常的人为研究对象,结果发现每天服用50到100毫克甘草后,血压增加,血钾含量下降,这是由于cortisol(可的索,皮质醇或氢化可的松)的盐皮持激素作用(mineralocorticoidaction),使到血钾下降及血钠上升,加上身体储水增加,体重增加,血压增高。尿液可的索/可的松的比值cortisol/cortisoneratio增高,也证实了肾脏的酶素叫11B羟甾脱氢酶(11betahydroxysteroiddehydrogenase)作用受到甘草所含的物质所抑压,使到体内的cortisol(可的索,皮质醇或氢化可的松)转化为cortisone(可的松或糖皮质激素)的过程受阻,可的索增加。研究人员提醒大家,甘草是可以引起高血压的。
美国宾州医院有病例服用大量甘草影响视觉
今年3月美国宾夕法尼亚州一家医院首次报道服用大量甘草也可能导致霎时性失明的5个病例。患者都曾服用大量的甘草,分量每天由100毫克到900毫克不等,这可能和甘草所含的甘草次酸和甘珀酸(carbenoxolone)有关,因为这些药物成分能够引起网膜或视神经血管收缩,引起缺血,影响视觉。
药物经过加工处理(有人称为炮制)能够改变所含化学成分,日本大阪就以甘草根进行研究,想知道在原植物或原料加工制造过程中,药物主要成分有否改变。研究人员分析甘草内的皂甙(saponins)和黄酮类化合物(flavonoids)的含量。
研究结果,知道把甘草皮层剥去后,所含的非糖苷黄酮类化合物(nonglycosidicflavonoid)大部分消失,至于经过焙制后,皂甙和糖苷黄酮类化合物中的糖就会被逐步水解,结果药性有了差异,这跟传统药物需要经过炮制或加工处理,如以火制、水制或水火合制等等不同方法,消除及减低药物毒性,或增强药物疗效,或改变药性,是对治疗作用有一定的影响。
至于医学文献报道引起不良作用所用的甘草,和传统医学用的炙甘草或蜜炙甘草(用蜜糖在火锅上拌炒过的甘草)成分是否相同,作用又是否不同,则有待进一步去查寻了。
复方甘草片属于粘膜保护性镇咳药,可以覆盖有炎症的咽喉粘膜,掩盖其局部感觉神经末梢受到的刺激,从而发挥镇咳效应,适合无合并症的干咳。复方甘草片含有阿片,久服可能成瘾,故一般不宜连续服用5天以上。据临床报道,如持续服用时间过长,可出现快感,并逐渐对其产生渴望和依赖。一旦停药,患者可出现频繁打呵欠、出冷汗、流鼻涕,甚至焦躁不安等症状,往往需二三个月才能摆脱。
复方甘草片宜含服,吞服可出现恶心、口干、便秘等不良反应。怀孕和哺乳期妇女、前列腺肥大排尿有困难的老年人、长期嗜酒且有酒瘾者、平日情绪很不稳定者,最好不用复方甘草片。
复方甘草片毒副作用较小(少数患者服用有恶心、呕吐、便秘或反胃等症状),但是不宜长期服用,因为复方甘草片成分中含有阿片成分,长期服用易使人体引起依赖性(成瘾)
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