写好作文结尾五法

2025-03-30 11:02:29
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

   写好作文结尾五法
  
  陕西省洛南县灵口中学 方英霞
  
  文章高手林纾说:“为人看晚节,行文看结穴。”是的,俊俏的“豹尾”不仅能锦上添花,深化主题,而且能使人感到余音绕梁,回味无穷。
  
  那么,什么样的结尾能给人留下令人难忘的余韵呢?一般来说,主要的结尾方法有如下几种。
  
  1.自然收尾。就是顺其自然,话说完就收尾,绝对不拖泥带水,更忌画蛇添足。自然收尾在作文中常常被采用,它单纯明快,朴实无华。人教版八年级上册课文《信客》《老王》《台阶》《苏州园林》《故宫博物院》等都是如此。
  
  2.照应开头。首尾照应的作文浑然一体,结构完整、紧凑,彰显结构美。
  
  (1)有的在结尾重复开头,语句上稍有修改,首尾相比,对同一内容反复强调,使作者的意图更加突出,使结构上有一种回环美。例如林嗣环的《口技》一文:“忽然扶尺一下,群响毕绝。撤屏视之,一人、一桌、一椅、一扇、一扶尺而已。”文中前后两次把极简单的道具交代得清清楚楚,不仅在结构上完整而紧凑,同时还从侧面反衬开头“京中有善口技者”,突出了文眼“善”字,极写口技技艺之高超绝妙。
  
  (2)有的结尾和开头形成递进式。文章在记叙描写、议论、抒情的基础上,在跟开头遥相呼应的同时表达更深一层含义或承接前文再作交代,以此带动读者认识和情感的飞跃,给人留下回味的余地,对深化主题,揭示人们形象都有很好的作用。如课文《杨修之死》,开头写曹操“借惑乱军心之罪”杀了杨修,最后写到:“马超已退。曹操带伤归寨:原来被魏延射中人中,折却门牙两个,急令医生调治。方忆杨修之言,随将修尸收回厚葬,就会班师。”有了结尾这么一个交代,曹操的性格形象就不仅仅是一个忌才妒能的小人,而成了一个性格丰富多彩的“活人”。这样的结尾形式还多用在记叙文的倒叙中。
  
  (3)有的结尾跟开头形成对应、对举等关系。例如朱自清的《背影》的开头写“我最不能忘记的是他的背影”,到结尾却写道:“我读到此处,在晶莹的泪光中,又看见那肥胖的、青布棉袍黑布马褂的背影。唉!我不知何时再能与他相见!”这里,晶莹的'泪光中所见就是虚写,写自己在此时此刻对父亲深深地思念,这种思念是刻骨铭心的、凄苦的,饱经世事沧桑的,这样就把文章的主题及作者的思想感情表达到至深至极的地步。
  
  3.余思余韵。就是作者不把意思说完,在结尾处留下一些东西让读者咀嚼回味,从而得到更为深长的审美享受。如:路面,干净的像一面镜子,照着红红的脸,红红的雨衣,显现出一道从未有过的瑰丽的光环。这种结尾也可通过形象展示,或借助情景交融,含蓄隐约的表达作者对事物的态度、见解和情感。
  
  4.画龙点睛。即人们常说的卒彰显志,点明主题法,在记叙文和议论文中经常被采用。有的是总结全文,如议论文中总分总式结构,一方面收束全文,一方面以精辟的语言再次强化论点,深化主题;有的是通过议论和抒情,如朱德《回忆我的母亲》把母亲和千千万万中国劳动妇女联系起来,把对母亲的思念、赞美之情升华到赞美千千万万普通劳动妇女的广度和高度;有的是作者在文章末饱含激情,或展望未来,或发出号召,强烈而鲜明的表达自己的观点及情感,从而震撼读者心灵。这种方法常用在倡议书或其他议论文体之中;有的结尾是用含蓄、寓意的方法将主旨隐含其中,虽不明言,但读者已心照不宣,而且耐人寻味,这实际上是一种反用揭示、点化主题的方法。
  
  5.诗歌名句结尾法。它的特点是:引用现成的诗词歌赋,民间歌谣来为文章结尾,使文章染上浓烈的艺术格调,给人一种特殊的美感。
  
  关于结尾的方法,除了以上五点之外,还有许多,如抒情结尾的、饱含哲理的、奇峰突起的、戛然而止的等等,因文而异。只要我们认真揣摩结尾的艺术,我们便能让文章留下使人难忘的余韵。

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