MM理论中 公司的资本结构与公司的市场价值无关, 这个怎么理解 大虾赐教啊

2025-03-08 10:12:26
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

资本结构可理解为权益和负债之比,权益和负债都不是白使的,要付出相应的使用成本,使用权益的成本就是付股利,使用负债的成本就是付利息。而利息可以在税前扣除,就是说如果更多使用负债,多交利息,就可以少交税,这就是常说的“税盾”作用。但在MM理论中没有考虑公司所得税,在不交税的情况下,负债就体现不出“税盾”作用了,就是说用多少负债都一个样,成本一样的情况下,权益和负债的比例就不重要了,反正交一样多的钱,所以就对公司的价值没有影响了。举个例子:
假设公司今年利润为1000,单独使用权益或负债的成本都为100,有如下两种资本结构:
(1)权益80%,负债20%【负债少】(2)权益20%,负债80%【负债多】
在无税收情况下,即MM理论中假设的那样,公司价值=1000-权益成本-负债成本
(1)公司价值=1000-100*80%-100*20%=900
(2)公司价值=1000-100*20%-100*80%=900
结果都一样,没区别,这就是资本结构与公司价值无关。下面看一下“税盾”:
在有税收情况下,设税率为30%,那么公司价值=1000-权益成本-负债成本-税
(1)公司价值=1000-100*80%-100*20%-(1000-100*20%)*30%=606
(2)公司价值=1000-100*80%-100*20%-(1000-100*80%)*30%=624
可见负债更多价值更大,这就是后来提出的修正的MM理论,认为100%的负债才最好。
明白了吧?呵呵

回答2:

首先你要考虑MM理论的 假设条件:1.企业的经营风险是可衡量的,有相同经营风险的企业即处于同一风险等级; 2.现在和将来的投资者对企业未来的EBIT估计完全相同,即投资者对企业未来收益和取得这些收益所面临风险的预期是一致的; 3.证券市场是完善的,没有交易成本; 4.投资者可同公司一样以同等利率获得借款; 5. 无论借债多少,公司及个人的负债均无风险,故负债利率为无风险利率; 6.投资者预期的EBIT不变,即假设企业的增长率为零,从而所有现金流量都是年金。
既,企业增加债务在这种条件下是无风险的,不会带来因有的成本;
MM改进理论考虑了,税收,负债的利息是免息的,这样能通过财务杠杆提高公司的价值,所以负债越多越好。
上述理论忽略了,破产成本,代理成本等,即,当负债增加到一定程度,这些成本开始增加。所以要找最优的资产结构。既,财务杠杆增加值-因债务引起的成本的最大值。

回答3:

从概念入手,分别分析资本结构和市场价值,然后具体到定理分析。。。挺抽象的,比较难理解。

回答4:

MM定理和税盾举例

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