英语选择题 求解释

30. He must have been punished by his parents yesterday for what he had done, ______?
A. mustn’t he B. wasn’t he C. didn’t he D. hadn’t he
答：B
译：他昨天一定为自己的所作所为受到了父母的惩罚，是吧？
析： 这是中国特色的考题。考反意疑问尾句。其实本不需要这个反问的，因为说话者口气已经是非常肯定的了“他一定XXX了”，还需要问征询别人的看法吗？
这种题目，老师可能为你们总结出一个公式：有过去时间状语用didn't he, （楼上的ysl_6310 固然选了C，证明我的判断没错！） 没有用hasn't he.
其实，这是不准确，有副作用的。我的方法是：将它简化成一个一般的简单句：
He was punished by his parents yesterday for what he had done, ______?
这样会了吧？
35. _____ you can’t make great progress in the language learning has something to do with your vocabulary.
A. Whether B. That C. If D. What
答：B
译：你在语言学习方面没能取得很大的进步，这与你的词汇量（太少）有关。
析：从句首的you没有大写首字母及四个选项可知楼主漏掉的空格在句首。
本题考查主语从句的引导词。that是一个标志，告诉你下面这句话是主句中的主语，尽管它在从句中不起句子成分的作用，也没有意思，但它不能省略。（而引导宾语从句的that可以省略）
if 不能引导主语从句，排除。
what 在从句中作宾语或主语，本从句不缺主、宾。排除。
whether引导的主语从句由一个一般疑问句变化而来。谓语多为is not clear, is unknown.这样的。
that引导的名词从句由一个陈述句变化而来。
（楼上的ysl_6310 选对了，但没有说清楚空格在哪里，还将That小写了，所以我以为他没做对。）
37. Jimmy came back early last night. It was not yet eight o’clock ______he got home.
A. before B. that C. when D. until
答：C
译：吉米昨天晚上很早就回来了。当他到家时还不到8点钟。
析：此题容易误以为是强调句。注意这个yet,如果将它改成at 就选B。
It was at eight o'clock that he got home. 他是八点钟回家的。
类似题句：It was 5 o'clock when we arrived at the mountain village.
It was at 5 o'clock that we arrived at the mountain village.
40. People hope the new measures ______ house prices, taken by the government, will succeed.
A. to control B. controlled C. controlling D. having controlled
答：A
译：人们希望（用来）控制房价的新措施 （ ，由正府采取的），将会成功。
简化：去掉People hope (that), 宾语从句的主干就是：the new measures will succeed.
主语the new measures 后面加了两个定语，一个限制性的，一个非限制性的（，taken by...纯多余，干扰用），
本题考非谓语动词作定语，在不定式to control 与现在分词 controlling 之间选择。
我认为用不定式较好。不定式表示“未来”，现在分词表示“进行”。the new measures to control house prices will succeed. 表示“用来控制房价的新措施将会成功。
比“正在控制房价的新措施”要好。
其实，这句话如果这样表达，更好些：
People hope the new measures taken by the government to house prices will succeed.
译：人们希望政府采取的旨在控制房价的新措施会成功。
这样，不定式是taken by ....这个短语中的目得状语。句子更加流畅合理。

回复 ysl_6310：“不定式作定语时与先行词有被动关系。如：the measure to take, something to say 3o题你对了，我没有考虑be动词”
你的这种说法是有问题的。不定式作定语，其逻辑主语是其“先行词”，先行词与它的关系决定用主动还是被动式，如：The years to come = the coming years, 未来的几年（year 与come是主动关系），而the house to be built next month ,下个月将要造的房子， house 与build是被动关系。
你说的那是sb. has sth. to do ,但还有sb. has sth. to be done 呢？前者用主动表被动，是因为明显将sb.当成了to do sth.的逻辑主语。后者sth.是 to be done的逻辑主语，比较：I have some clothes to wash. 和I have some clothes to be washed.的区别。 非谓语动词作定语时，其逻辑主语都是“先行词”。应根据“先行词”与非谓动词之间逻辑上的主动、被动关系，决定用其主动式还是被动式。 Have sth. to do. 是特例。
在过去分词短语taken by the government to control house prices 中，不定式是非谓语动词take (measures)的目的状语，一变形：the measures to control house prices ,则成为后置定语了。而后来想起来的taken by ...短语，就是可有可无的插入语了。不要它，句子也应成立。这是我最早对这个句子的分析、理解。

我来答吧，还是讲评过的东西：
27. Tony is a quiet boy and he is accustomed ______ at meals, which is always appreciated.
A. not to talk B. to not talk C. to not talking D. not to talking
选C is accustomed to，to是介词，后接动名词，动名词否定式是:not doing(前加not,同不定式和分词的否定式一样在前加not)

29. Mike and Bob both did very well in the competition, but the former is ______ of the two.
A. more talented B. the most talented C. most talented D. the more talented
选D, 两者中较聪明那个，the特指。

30. He must have been punished by his parents yesterday for what he had done, ______?
A. mustn’t he B. wasn’t he C. didn’t he D. hadn’t he
选B，must have done表示对过去的推测，反义疑问句用一般过去时，但不能用must本身，此处是被动语态，即He was punished yesterday, wasn’t he ? （ 主动语态时用C那种 ）

32. ______ wondering which way to take, the little boy behaved like a real gentleman who comforted his sister from time to time.
A. Leaving B. Having left C. To leave D. Left
选D leave sb wondering,让某人想/让某人困惑，被动为sb be left wondering某人在想，依此可知，the little boy 与leave的关系是被动，因此选D

33. Shanghai now increases the supply of smaller houses, ______ to help low–income families to buy houses of their own.
A. aimed B. being aimed C. aiming D. having aimed
选C Shanghai与aim构成主动关系，几乎同时发生，故选aiming，having aimed表动作发生在谓语之前。
34. Tropical rainforests ______ down and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. are being cut B. are cut C. cut D. had been cut
选A 当前情况，持续的，被动地，故用现在进行时的被动语态。

35.______you can’t make great progress in the language learning has something to do with your vocabulary.
A. Whether B. That C. If D. What
选B，（先补充：空白在句首）you can’t make great progress in the language learning 成分完整，是一个整体，在句中作主语，必须由that来组织起来才能构成主语从句。that没意思没名分不能省。（名分即成分）这是that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时的“三不”原则。

36. You are sure to be successful in the job market ______ you make yourself better known to the interviewer.
A. even if B. though C. until D. once
选D，关键要理解make yourself better known ，即是make oneself done, "一旦你让面试官更了解你自己"。

37. Jimmy came back early last night. It was not yet eight o’clock ______ he got home.
A. before B. that C. when D. until
选C，It指时间代词，（最基本的那种代词）并不是形式主语或强调句里的那个It ，很多人误认为是强调句，选that是错的。when 引导时间状语从句。
本题稍作改动，答案就不同:如
Jimmy came back early last night. It was at eight o'clock ______ he got home.选that(强调句)
Jimmy came back late last night.It was not until eleven o'clock ______ he got home.选that(强调句)
Jimmy came back late last night. He didn't get home ______ it was eleven o'clock(选until)

38. Many skilled workers were organized to clear away ______ remained of the World Expo site.
A. what B. when C. which D. where
选A 清理世博会留下来的东西，what代词，代留下来的东西。BD是副词先排除，which限定的“哪一个”

39. The old man took the policemen back to the same place ______ he had witnessed the robbery.
A. that B. where C. as D. when
选B，即为 in the same place, he had witnessed the robbery. 先行词是地点状语，用where代之。

40. People hope the new measures ______ house prices, taken by the government, will succeed.
A. to control B. controlled C. controlling D. having controlled
选A 全句即为People hope the new measures taken by the government to house prices will succeed，实则为拆散了take measures to do这个短语，但万变不离其形。整句意思：人们希望政府所采取的旨在调控房价的新措施将会取得成功。
此句很多人误以为是hope sb to do sth,可是没有这个表达哦，选对也是撞对而已，幸哉幸哉！！

27. Tony is a quiet boy and he is accustomed ______ at meals, which is always appreciated. A. not to talk B. to not talk C. to not talking D. not to talking 选C，肯定式：be accustomed to doing sth；否定式：be not accustomed to doing sth
29. Mike and Bob both did very well in the competition, but the former is ______ of the two. A. more talented B. the most talented C. most talented D. the more talented 选D ,两者之间用比较急，但是有个限定of, 所以用了the，在in ,of,比较级前面用定冠词the
30. He must have been punished by his parents yesterday for what he had done, ______? A. mustn’t he B. wasn’t he C. didn’t he D. hadn’t he 选A，must的反义疑问mustn’t.
32. ______ wondering which way to take, the little boy behaved like a real gentleman who comforted his sister from time to time. A. Leaving B. Having left C. To leave D. Left
选C，此句的主语是the little boy，所以排出D，这句话的是一个目的状语开头的，所以用To leave
33. Shanghai now increases the supply of smaller houses, ______ to help low–income families to buy houses of their own. A. aimed B. being aimed C. aiming D. having aimed 选C，后面作目的状语，是主动关系。
34. Tropical rainforests ______ down and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. are being cut B. are cut C. cut D. had been cut 选A，首先主语在此句做被动，而且有正在以及将持续之意，所以选A
35.you can’t make great progress in the language learning has something to do with your vocabulary. A. Whether B. That C. If D. What 选A，从句否定一般用Whether
36. You are sure to be successful in the job market ______ you make yourself better known to the interviewer. A. even if B. though C. until D. once 选D，一旦之意
37. Jimmy came back early last night. It was not yet eight o’clock ______ he got home. A. before B. that C. when D. until 选D，不到之意
38. Many skilled workers were organized to clear away ______ remained of the World Expo site. A. what B. when C. which D. where 选A，遗留的东西
39. The old man took the policemen back to the same place ______ he had witnessed the robbery. A. that B. where C. as D. when 选A,，定语有限定the same place
40. People hope the new measures ______ house prices, taken by the government, will succeed. A. to control B. controlled C. controlling D. having controlled 选A, hope to do sth

27. Tony is a quiet boy and he is accustomed ______ at meals, which is always appreciated.
C. to not talking 【accustomed to 习惯于... 后面跟名词或动名词短语】
29. Mike and Bob both did very well in the competition, but the former is ______ of the two.
D. the more talented 【两人用比较级，在此必须加冠】
30. He must have been punished by his parents yesterday for what he had done, ______?
B. wasn’t he 【must have been 虚拟被动语态，否定疑问沿用被动语态的简单过去式】
32. ______ wondering which way to take, the little boy behaved like a real gentleman who comforted his sister from time to time.
D. Left 【前面省略了 While he was, 也是被动语态】
33. Shanghainow increases the supply of smaller houses, ______ to help low–income families to buy houses of their own.
C. aiming 【状语，表达目的】
34. Tropical rainforests ______ down and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. are being cut 【表达“正在发生中”的现象，也是被动语态】
35.you can’t make great progress in the language learning has something to do with your vocabulary.
B. That 【空格应是在句首，that 前省略了 The fact】
36. You are sure to be successful in the job market ______ you make yourself better known to the interviewer.
D. once 【和 if 的功能近似，条件式逻辑。前为果、后是因】
37. Jimmy came back early last night. It was not yet eight o’clock ______ he got home.
C. when 【这无需细说了吧，前句说了early, 后面又有not yet ，就只是连接他到家的时间】
38. Many skilled workers were organized to clear away ______ remained of the World Expo site.
A. what 【要 clear away 的是遗留的“物品”，只有what 能代】
39. The old man took the policemen back to the same place ______ he had witnessed the robbery.
B. where【他目睹枪案同样的“所在”，where 引导宾补】
40. People hope the new measures ______ house prices, taken by the government, will succeed.
C. controlling 【和 house prices 连着用来修饰 measures, 表达其性质】

选C，肯定式：be accustomed to doing sth；否定式：be not accustomed to doing sth
选D ,两者之间用比较急，但是有个限定of, 所以用了the，在in ,of,比较级前面用定冠词the
选A，must的反义疑问mustn’t.
选C，此句的主语是the little boy，所以排出D，这句话的是一个目的状语开头的，所以用To leave
选C，后面作目的状语，是主动关系。
选A，首先主语在此句做被动，而且有正在以及将持续之意，所以选A
选A，从句否定一般用Whether
选D，一旦之意
选D，不到之意
选A，遗留的东西
选A,，定语有限定the same place
选A, hope to do sth