推荐回答（1个）
玳瑁
玳瑁自古以来就被视为珍品，尤其是用玳瑁的龟板制作成的装饰品，可谓奢华无比，由于玳瑁的这一特征，野生玳瑁已经大量减少，这要引起人们的重视。
玳瑁如其他海龟一样，具有典型的海龟特征，都有扁平的躯体、保护性的背甲、以及适于划水的桨状鳍足。一般雌性成龟体长为0.6－0.8米，雄性体长相若，体型较大者可达1米，而体型最大者甚至可达1.7米，平均体重一般可达45－80千克，历史上曾经捕获的最重的玳瑁达到210千克。
玳瑁最明显的特点是其上颚钩曲尖锐如鹰喙般，这也是其俗名之一“鹰嘴海龟”得名的原因。玳瑁的头较长，前额具2对深红棕色或黑色鳞甲，鼻孔离嘴较近，吻侧内收扁平，前鳍足端各有2爪，后鳍足端各有1爪，前足大，较窄长，后足小，较宽短，游泳时姿态如飞鸟一般。
玳瑁背甲的盾板异常厚，除极老的玳瑁外躯体后部缘盾均呈锯齿状。其背甲平滑亮泽，年轻时腹甲呈心形，成熟后变长，脊棱明显，幼龟背具3纵棱，一般为琥珀色，上有不规则的深浅不一的云状条纹，大多数条纹为淡黄色或棕黑色，并从背甲的中部向边缘辐射。幼龟外表的个体差异一般从5个月大起开始变得显著。
玳瑁的另一个特点就是其独特的背甲，5片椎盾和4对肋盾排列紧密如覆瓦，不过老年玳瑁的盾片排列较疏且平置。椎盾和肋盾加起来是13块盾片，组成了背甲的主体，俗名“十三鲮龟”、“十三鳞”和“十三棱龟”就是根据这个特点命名的。2片臀盾重叠，末端有较大缝隙。11对缘盾排列在背甲主体两侧，躯体后部的缘盾往往重叠，呈现出锯齿状边缘。
玳瑁的甲壳长度可达约1米。腹甲为白色或黄色，有时有棕黑色斑点，具2条纵棱，由13片鳞甲组成。头、尾和四足均可缩入甲内，四足扁平，正面为覆瓦状紧密排列的黑色小斑块，背面白色，排列有稀疏黑斑；尾较短，常藏匿于甲内。成年玳瑁雌雄差异较为明显，雄龟比雌龟颜色鲜艳，雄龟尾粗大而腹甲凹陷，爪长，雌龟尾短小而腹甲平坦，爪短。
有证据表明，玳瑁的背甲剥离后，如果真皮层马氏细胞（Malpighiancell）不受损伤，将其放归大海，可以再生出龟甲。
太平洋玳瑁背甲更近似于心形，脊棱完全连续，头部和鳍足正面的黑色部分为纯黑色；大西洋玳瑁的缘盾排列接近直线，仅在尾部缩锐，脊棱仅在尾部4椎盾连续，头部和鳍足正面的黑色部分为浅黑色。
玳瑁留在沙滩上的足迹是不对称的，因为它们在陆上步行时左前足和右后足同时行动，右前足和左后足同时行动，这与绿蠵龟和棱皮龟对称的步态是完全不同的。
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