“鱼浮灵”主要成分是过碳酸钠(xNa2CO3?yH2O2),俗称固体双氧水.兴趣小组对其进行以下探究:【性质探

2025-03-31 18:01:44
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:


(1)由结论“说明有O2生成”,再根据:氧气能使带火星的木条复燃,则填复燃;
(2)根据题目中信息“将产生的气体通入澄清石灰水中,出现浑浊现象”,再根据:二氧化碳能使带澄清石灰水变浑浊,则此题结论为有 CO2(或二氧化碳)生成.
(3)实验中加入稳定剂的作用是为防止H2O2分解(或防止过碳酸钠分解)而失效;稳定剂中的氯化镁MgCl2与硅酸钠Na2SiO3发生复分解反应,能生成氯化钠和难溶的硅酸镁,覆盖在过碳酸钠表面起保护作用,其化学方程式为MgCl2+Na2SiO3=MgSiO3↓+2NaCl.
(4)又框图可知,加入异丙醇后经操作Ⅰ后得到的是滤液和晶体,因此操作Ⅰ应该是过滤步骤,由此可知,加入异丙醇的作用是降低过碳酸钠的溶解度(过碳酸钠在有机溶剂中的溶解度较小)以利于其析出晶体,因此浊液中加入异丙醇的作用是降低过碳酸钠的溶解度(或减少过碳酸钠的溶解或提高产率等);
(5)因过碳酸钠不溶于异丙醇,所以操作Ⅱ中洗涤晶体最好选用异丙醇;
(6)由表中数据可以看出,在15℃~20℃时,活性氧含量最高,鱼浮灵产率最高,所以最好在该温度范围内制备鱼浮灵.
(7)实验前通氮气一段时间,加热铜网至红热后,再缓慢滴入过量稀硫酸,直至A中样品完全反应是为了除去装置内的氧气,以防测定值偏高;实验后还要继续通氮气是为了使残留在装置中的气体全部被装置吸收;
(8)根据【组成测定】利用如图装置进行产品中活性氧含量测定和过碳酸钠(xNa2CO3?yH2O2)组成的测定.若先滴入稀硫酸,后加热铜网,将使部分氧气散逸,计算时过氧化氢相对含量偏小,碳酸钠相对含量偏大,导致x:y的值偏大;
(9)装置B的作用是干燥气体,防止水分进入D装置使测定值偏大;同时便于观察和控制气流速度以使反应充分进行,故选①②;
(10)C装置中铜网增重1.2g,则说明生成氧气的质量为1.2g,氧气质量占样品的百分数(活性氧含量)为

1.2g
10.0g
×100%=12%大于10.5%而小于13%,“资料中鱼浮灵中活性氧含量≥13.0%是一等品,≥10.5%是合格品”,故此产品属于合格品;
因为生成氧气的质量为1.2g,则设需要过氧化氢的质量为x.
2H2O2~O2
68    32
x     1.2g
68
x
32
1.2
,解得x=2.55g,故由氧气质量可计算过氧化氢质量为2.55g.
因为D装置增重2.2g说明生成二氧化碳2.2g,则设需要碳酸钠质量为y.
Na2CO3~CO2
106     44
y       2.2g
106
y
44
2.2g
,解得y=5.3g,故计算反应的碳酸钠质量为5.3g,
根据“产品中活性氧含量测定和过碳酸钠(xNa2CO3?yH2O2)组成”,则可得:106x:34y=5.3g:2.55g,故解得x:y=2:3.
故答案为:
(1)复燃;(2)CO2(或二氧化碳);
(3)防止H2O2分解(或防止过碳酸钠分解),MgCl2+Na2SiO3=MgSiO3↓+2NaCl;
(4)降低过碳酸钠的溶解度(或减少过碳酸钠的溶解或提高产率等);
(5)C;(6)15~20;(7)使残留在装置中的气体全部被吸收;
(8)偏大;(9)①②;(10)12;合格品;2:3.

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