西方哲学史的问题: 康德关于感性、知性、理性之间的关系。论述题,急求答案!!!

西方哲学史的考试
2025-04-03 15:32:24
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

康德认为:在我们从事认识活动以前必须先对认识能力本身进行一番批判性的考察,以确定它是否能承担起我们所赋予它的任务__把握绝对真理,他把人的认识能力分为感性、知性、理性三种
那么对于人的想象力的两个图式—认知图式和审美图式都是“逻辑—心理”结构体,它们在统一协调(先验)“感性—知性—理性”等各种认识机能上发挥了积极的作用,才能更好地了解人的本质、推动着社会的进步。
康德将人的知识分为感性和知性,他认为感性是纯粹客观的,被动接受的,经验的,杂乱无章的;知性是主体的主动创造,是先验的综合统一。
感性与知性是两种互不相生的能力,因此为了克服唯理论与经验论的矛盾,康德提出:“知性不能直观,感性不能思维,只有它们的联合,才能发生认识。”康德在沟通这两种机能时找到了

想象力!
想象力在康德理论中是与知性相结合,联合把握感性世界的具体执行者。在《判断力批判》中,康德写道:“某一对象美或不美,我们不是把表象凭借悟性连系于客体以求得知识,而是凭借想象力连系于主体和它的快感……。” 例如面对一朵花,鉴赏者不需要用植物学家的眼光去分解它的结构和功能,也不出于自己的功利观念,只是对花的形式(表象)经过想象力和知性的自由运动,唤起情感上的愉快。因此,康德认为审美判断中的美“是凭借想象力(或者想象力和悟性相结合)连系于主体和它的快感与不快感。鉴赏判断,因此不是知识判断,从而不是逻辑的,而是审美的。”
可见,想象力是与审美主体的知性联合,把握美的对象的一种创造力。并且把知性诸观念(理性)的机能带进了运动。”转出进入主体的伦理理念,即是有较强理性力量或伦理道德的社会。
主体凭借想象力,能在客体的险峻、巨大、畸形的外在形态上突然领悟道德力量的崇高和人的伟大。由此,审美主体获得了从痛感转化来的愉快——

崇高感!
康德认为,崇高感的根据不在物上,而只能在审美主体的内容和意识中,即人的理性。当人的审美想象力将人类道德的崇高性带到自然表象中并使其成为自然表象的主导力量时,人才获得崇高感。
康德认为,对于崇高的鉴赏须先有“大量观念”和“较高程度的文化修养”,在崇高里面“想象力是联系到作为观念的机能的理性上面的。

题外话:就缺一样灵性(钱学森一再强调的这是我们中国道理的长处)也称境界!

回答2:

通俗来讲,感性、知性、理性是三个递进的层次。
感性即对事物感知的能力;知性即对事物分析、判断的能力;理性再深化,是高度综合的分析、思考、认知能力。
感性中最重要的要记住“先天综合判断”;知性忘了;理性要记住人类理性的三个先天缺陷:谬误推理、理性神学证明、二律背反。
因为《纯粹理性批判》就是揭示和批评人类理性认识的极限的。
具体的可以看看,邓晓芒老师的讲课视频。
百度上就有,很清晰和透彻。
以上是我个人的一点见解,希望对你有帮助。呵呵~

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