同仇敌忾是什么意思?有哪些典故?

2025-03-16 16:04:26
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

"同仇敌忾"这个典故,最早见于《诗经》,意思是指共同一致地对敌人抱着仇恨和愤怒的情绪。由于《诗经》是我国最早的一部诗歌专著,所以这个典故本身并没有故事。它是春秋时秦军中非常流行的一首从军歌,歌名叫《无衣》。公元前623年,卫国的亚卿宁俞出使鲁国时说过"敌王所忾,而献其功"。这句话是"同仇敌忾"的典源,但把"同仇"与"敌忾"合为成语则是在公元前506年。

当时,伍子胥为报杀父之仇,率吴国的军队攻破楚国的都城后,掘开楚平王的墓,刨出尸首,用钢鞭把楚平王的尸首打得稀烂,这就是"伍员鞭尸"的典故。伍子胥还不解恨,又要找楚平王的儿子楚昭王讨还血债。

伍子胥有个好友叫申包胥,他给伍子胥捎信说:"物极必反,你适可而止吧!"伍子胥不听,回信说,为报杀父之仇,就顾不得楚国了。申包胥长叹说:"子胥要灭楚,我岂能坐视不救!"

申包胥知道楚平王夫人是秦哀公的女儿,秦、楚两国有甥舅之亲,所以决定到秦国求救。

申包胥到秦国后,对秦哀公说:"吴若灭楚,便会进一步攻秦,请赶快派兵解救楚国。"秦哀公任凭申包胥怎么说,就是不表态。

秦哀公让申包胥先住下再慢慢计议。谁知这申包胥就站在宫廷之中,日夜号哭,他不脱衣,不睡觉,不吃不喝,哭了七天七夜。

秦哀公大为感动,就亲自前去安慰申包胥,并唱道:"岂曰无衣?与子同袍。王于兴师,修我长矛,与子同仇。......"

申包胥知道这是当时秦军中的流行歌曲,是一首从军歌,其歌词大意是说:有衣同穿,有仇同报,整修武器,准备打仗。他知道秦哀公唱这首歌的意思是同意发兵,便三叩九拜,恢复了饮食。

申包胥终于请得秦兵,挽救了楚国。自从申包胥号哭秦廷后,"与子同仇"便被当时的人们称道。后人用"同仇敌忾"表达共同一致对敌斗争的决心。

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