什么是DNA分子双螺旋结构模型?

2025-04-05 05:41:22
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

DNA分子双螺旋结构积塑模型是一种采用优质彩色塑料原料制造的生物遗传物质脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)分子的装配式结构模型。 本模型利用具有特殊形状结构的红、黄、蓝、绿四种色球(分别代表A、T、G、C四种核苷)和棕棒(代表磷酸P)五种零件,不仅可装配成具有双螺旋空间结构的DNA分子链,而且还可以直观地表达出DNA分子链的自我复制功能。 一套DNA分子双螺旋结构积塑模型,其特征是: a.这套DNA分子双螺旋积塑模型由红、黄、兰绿四种优质塑料色球(分别代表A、T、G、C四种核苷)和一种优质棕色塑料色棒(代表磷酸P)共五种另件所组成。 b.红球和黄球直径φ18,各带有一个直径φ10的白色圆柱形突出物,在红球的白色圆柱上开有一个直径φ6的圆孔,圆孔内部前后各突起一个直径φ3的半圆形凸起物,在黄球的白色圆柱上伸出一直径φ6的圆棒,圆棒前后各开有一个直径φ3的半圆形凹槽,红球和黄球的结合,即A与T的结合,可通过φ6圆棒插入φ6圆孔来实现。 c.蓝球和绿球直径也是φ18,也各带有一个直径φ10的白色圆柱形突出物,在兰球的白色圆柱上开有一个直径φ6的圆孔,圆孔内部沿圆周对称地突起三个直径φ3的半圆形凸起物,在绿球的白色圆柱上伸出一φ6圆棒,在圆棒周围对称地开有三个直径φ3的半圆形凹槽,兰球和绿球的结合,即G和C的结合,可通过φ6圆棒插入φ6圆孔来实现。 d.每个色球除带有一个白色圆柱形突出物外,还各开有二个直径φ6的圆孔,它们的位置一上一下、一左一右,分别对称地绕水平和垂直轴线旋转36角。利用直径φ6的棕棒插入二个色球相对着的二个φ6圆孔,可将任意二个色球连接起来,从而可组成DNA单股螺旋链,所开φ6圆孔的角度,可保证每一螺旋上有10个色球, e.每一对配对色球上的一个φ3半圆形凸起物和一个φ3半圆形凹槽代表一个氢(H)键,由于A、T和G、C色球上φ3半圆形凸起物和半圆形凹槽数目不同(一为2,一为3),角度不同,因此A球只能与T球结合,G球只能与C球结合,A与C、G与T球之间不能结合(不能插入),从而可实现A-T、G-C之间的严格配对关系,利用这种配对关系,可组成互补配对的DNA双螺旋链,并导致DNA分子具有自我复制的功能。(其中A、T、C、G 均为碱基;A:腺嘌呤;T:胸腺嘧啶;C:胞嘧啶;G:鸟嘌呤。当T转录时,变为U:尿嘧啶)。

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