高中英语,主动表被动的单词和句型有哪些.

　　1.英语中有很多动词如break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read，write, wash等, 当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例:
This kind of cloth washes well.
My pen writes smoothly.
These books sell well.
2. 表示“发生、进行”等的不及物动词和短语, 如: happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例: How long did it last?
Great changes have taken place in Shanghai in the last few years.
I wish my dream would come true.
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, smell, look等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例:Your reason sounds reasonable.
* 注意区分它们作
行为动词时可以被动:
An air of depression
was felt.
4． 在need，want，require等词的后面, 动名词用主动形式表示被动意义, 其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例: The house needs repairing.
to be repaired
5. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例: The book is well
worth reading．
＝The book is well
worthy to be read．）
6. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon．(to do与things是动宾关系，与I 是主谓关系。)
试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?
( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
7. 在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting .例:
•English is easy to be learned.
•English is easy to learn.
•这道题很难解出.
This problem is difficult to work out
8． 在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例:
This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6. blame仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
The children were not to blame for the accident

主动表被动的动词
连系动词类；
①变化类: become get turn grow make come go fall
②感官类: look sound feel taste smell
③显得类: seem appear look
④状态类: keep stay remain lie sit stand (prove turn out)
使役、感官动词类 ；see look at watch notice observe let make have/get hear listen to feel
主动表被动；
sell wash burn cook cut drive dress play last open write start run read act draw
只接动名词做宾语的词/词组:；
consider、 suggest/advise 、look 、forward 、to 、excuse/pardon admit 、put
off/delay/postpone fancy avoid miss keep/keep on practice 、
deny finish enjoy/appreciate forbid imagine risk can’t
help mind allow/permit escape
①“to”作介词get down to devote… to lead to be/get/become used to go back to object to
②带有介词in succeed(in) spend/waste time(in) be busy(in)

have a good/hard time(in) have difficulty/trouble(in)
③give up dislike feel like insist on can’t stand understand
④“值得”be worth=deserve be worthy of being done / be worthy to be done blame
记住一些动词应用中只能用主动表示被动。
Need, want, require（要求，需要）, deserve(应得，值得), be worth值得），not bear(经不住)后面接doing主动表被动。

The book is worth reading.
这本书值得一读。
The old building requires repairing.
这座古建筑需要修了。
These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.
这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。
Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).
你的头发该剪了。
I have much work to do.
我有许多要做的事情。（与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系）
Tom is looking for a room to live in.
Tom在找一间住的房间。（与room有动宾关系，与Tom 有主谓关系）
提示：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
备注：不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。

The book sells well.
The clothes wash easily.