推荐回答（1个）
教案的一般要求
教案的编写要从教育教学目的、任务着眼,从中学物理教学的特点出发.具体说：
(1)要求编写教案时以教学大纲和教材为依据,做到目的明确,要求适当.
如初中物理课的教案,在组织教材、选用教学方法、设计教学方案时,要从学生实际出发、循序渐进,不能任意提高教学要求,要避免由于过分追求叙述的严谨而影响学生对基本内容的理解,形成教学难点.如“浮力”的计算,现行教材要求并不高,计算也不复杂.但“浮力”问题的类型较多,解决方法灵活多变,在分析能力的要求上有相当的难度,比前几章是一次较大的飞跃.因而写教案时教学要求一定要得当.“在这里最好不要让学生去做那些人为的难度大、综合程度高的题”��这是编者的意图.新教师尤其应当注意深广度问题,否则不利于大面积提高教学质量.
(2)编写教案要处理好教与学的关系
教学过程是在教师指导下,学生将所学内容纳入自己的认知结构的过程.因而编写教案并不是知识的罗列,而是设计好教法与学法、处理好教与学的关系.首先,教师要创造良好的物理情境,使师生共同置身于情境之中,从探索中提出问题、总结规律、解决问题.其次,教师要研究如何设计启发和点拨学生的思维程序及要点.如牛顿第一定律的教学,教师就要首先利用亚里士多德的观点为什么错而激疑,把启发的要点落在诱导推理、分析比较上：小车在课本3�5所示的三种不同的水平面上运动的现象有什么共同点?为什么小车在不同的平面上运动,维持运动的距离不同.把点拔的要点落在概括上,引导学生在进行“科学抽象”中自然地得出牛顿第一定律.
(3)要求教书育人相结合
教案不能仅重视传授教学大纲规定的基础知识和技能、技巧,对于开发学生智力、培养学生灵活运用所学知识去解决实际问题的能力及思想教育重视不够,没有计划性,这是不恰当的.在教案编写过程中,要有计划的寓思想教育、能力培养于知识传授之中.
(4)要求注意物理学科的特点,加强实验教学加强实验教学,这是由物理学科的特点和学生的认识规律决定的.设计教案时要充分利用实验手段,充分发挥表象作用.不能在头脑中形成物理图象和重现物理过程,常常是教学难点形成的主要原因.因此重视物理实验,教学时尽量通过物理实验展现物理过程,充分发挥通过实验所形成的表象的作用,这对于形成物理概念和理解物理过程有很大益处.演示实验是在教学中提供感性材料的主要方式,做好演示实验是教学的一个主要环节.教案中要对实验的目的是什么?各仪器有什么作用?要求学生主要观察什么?怎样观察?什么时候提出问题等进行周密设计,这样才能做到目的明确,程序合理、主次分明地进行实验.
(5)要求环节完整、结构合理、思路清晰、繁简得当、时间分配科学,使教案能对课堂教学活动真正起到指导作用.
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