怎么样判断异物是否进入气管了呢?

2025-03-30 21:46:55
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

你好,气管异物其症状通常可分成以下四期:
1.异物进入期:病人多于进食中突然发生呛咳、剧烈的阵咳及梗气、可出现气喘、声嘶、紫绀和呼吸困难.若为小而光滑的活动性异物,如瓜子、玉米粒等,可在病人咳嗽时,听到异物向上撞击声门的拍击音,手放在喉气管前可有振动感.异物若较大、阻塞气管或靠近气管分支的隆凸处,可使两侧主支气管的通气受到严重障碍,因此发生严重呼吸困难,甚至窒息、死亡.
2.安静期:若异物较小,刺激性不大,或异物经气管进入支气管内,则可在一段时间内,表现为咳嗽和憋气的症状很轻微,甚至消失.而出现或长或短的无症状期,故使诊断易于疏忽.
3.刺激或炎症期:植物类气管异物,因含游离酸,故对气管粘膜有明显的刺激作用.豆类气管异物,吸水后膨胀,因此容易发生气道阻塞.异物在气道内存留越久,反应也就越重.初起为刺激性咳嗽,继而因气管内分泌物增多,气管粘膜肿胀,而出现持续性咳嗽、肺不张或肺气肿的症状. 4.并发症期:异物可嵌顿在一侧支气管内,久之,被肉芽或纤维组织包裹,造成支气管阻塞、易引起继发感染.长时间的气管异物,有类似化脓性气管炎的临床表现:咳痰带血、肺不张或肺气肿,引起呼吸困难和缺氧.
家庭救治方法
气管异物停留越久危害越大,因此,气管异物一般均应尽早取出,以避免或减少发生窒息和其他并发病的机会.
1.病人一般情况较好时,可在直达喉镜或支气管镜下,将异物及时取出.
2.为防止术后喉水肿,可给予抗生素或激素.青霉素80万单位,每日2次,肌注,地塞米松5-10 mg,每日一次,肌注.
3.病人如无明显的呼吸困难,但因有支气管或肺炎等严重并发病而有高热和一般衰弱或脱水现象严重等,宜先行抗炎和补液治疗.密切观察有无突发呼吸困难,待体温下降,一般情况好转,再进行异物取出术. 4.若病情严重,出现极度呼吸困难,则应先做气管切开,镇静、给氧。

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