关于碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠与有机物的反应

2025-03-15 04:54:57
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

一 碳酸钠与有机物的反应如下:
1.与酸反应
Na2CO3+ 2HCl(过量) ==== 2NaCl +H2CO3
碳酸不稳定,分解成二氧化碳和水
H2CO3====H2O + CO2↑
Na2CO3+ HCl(少量) ==== NaCl + NaHCO3

2 与碱反应
(碳酸钙白色沉淀,难溶于水,但可溶于酸)

3 与盐反应
(碳酸钡白色沉淀,难溶于水,但可溶于酸)
(氢氧化铝白色沉淀,难溶于水,可溶于酸、碱)

4 与H₂O、CO₂反应
(于碱性环境中沉淀析出)
二 碳酸氢钠与有机物的反应
1 与酸反应
与HCl反应:NaHCO₃+HCl ====NaCl+H₂O+CO₂↑
与CH₃COOH反应:NaHCO₃+CH₃COOH====CH₃COONa+H₂O+CO₂↑

2 与碱反应
与氢氧化钠反应:NaHCO₃+NaOH==== Na₂CO₃+ H₂O
与氢氧化钙反应:碳酸氢钠的剂量要分过量和少量。
少量:NaHCO₃+ Ca(OH)₂==== CaCO₃↓+ NaOH + H₂O
过量:2NaHCO₃+ Ca(OH)₂==== Na₂CO₃+ CaCO₃↓+ 2H₂O

3 与盐反应
与CaCl₂反应:不发生反应,
与CuSO₄反应:生成碱式碳酸铜和硫酸钠

4 水解
与氯化铝双水解:3NaHCO₃+ AlCl₃====Al(OH)₃↓+ 3CO₂↑+ 3NaCl
与硫酸铝双水解[1]:Al₂(SO₄)₃+6NaHCO₃==3Na₂SO₄+2Al(OH)₃↓+6CO₂↑

回答2:

与氢氧化钠反应:酚羟基:羧基,脂族基团,肽键,酚性羟基,醛基(氢氧化物被添加在水浴中加热)与碳酸钠组
反应基,羧基
与碳酸氢钠反应:羧基(注意,这是不具有酚性羟基,由于电平大于碳酸的电离常数酚的电离常数)

回答3:

①可以
②不可以

回答4:

1101碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠与盐酸的反应

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