影响沥青路面抗滑性能的因素有哪些

2025-04-01 16:02:49
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  路面粗糙程度的影响。
  大量实测资料表明,摩擦系数的大小首先取决于路表的粗糙度,路表的粗糙度则由路表的细纹理和粗纹理两方面构成。细纹理是指石料表面的纹理(即石料本身的粗度)。而粗纹理则是由面层表面外露的石料之间凹凸不平所形成的纹理,因为它使轮胎同沥青表层保持有摩擦作用的接触。而当行车速度较高时,对于摩擦系数来说,则由粗纹理起主要作用。车速越高,为获得一定摩擦系数所需要的粗纹理深度就越大。

  路面干湿状态的影响。
  在干燥而洁净的路面上,轮胎与路面之间的接触状态最好,具有最高的摩擦系数。在潮湿的路面上附着于石料表面的水膜或者连成一片的水层介于路面与轮胎之间,就会成为车辆滑溜的主要根源,表现为路面磨擦系数降低。当水膜或水层被路面的粗糙度或轮胎花纹的挤压而抵消时,其滑溜作用就大为减少,路面摩擦系数保持较高的数值。
  沥青路面处于干燥状态时,光滑和粗糙的路面具有相近的抗滑能力,摩擦系数值相差很小。路面在潮湿状态时,光滑路面的摩擦系数就显著地降低,降低的幅度与路面粗糙强度和车速有关,在相同车速下粗糙面比光滑面的降低幅度要小。但光滑路面在潮湿或冰冻状态下,路面的抗滑使用品质最差,它处于沥青表面的最危险状态。

  沥青面层材料的影响。
  正确选择沥青层材料是沥青路面防滑的关键所在,因为各种不同的材料对防滑的性能都有不同的影响,在沥青材料中,从有利于路面抗滑能力提高这一要求出发,应使沥青硬化快,不使石料下沉,具有较高的粘结力,不使碎石剥落,因而以煤沥青为最好,混合沥青次之,粘稠沥青更次之,渣油最差。
  路面抗滑表层粗集料应选用坚硬,耐磨,抗冲击性好的矿石或破碎砾石,不得使用筛选砾石,矿渣及软质集料。用于高速公路,一级公路沥青路面表面层及各类公路沥青表层的粗集料应符合公路沥青路面施工技术规范中关于石料磨光值的要求,但允许掺加粗集料比例总量不超过40%的普通集料作为中等或较小料径的粗集料。
  细集料应洁净,干燥,无风化,无杂质,并有适当的颗粒组成。细集料应与沥青有良好的粘结能力,与沥青粘结性能很差的天然砂砾及用花岗岩、石英岩等酸性石料破碎的机制砂和石屑不宜用于高速公路,一级公路沥青面层。用于高速公路,一级公路沥青混凝土面层及抗滑表层的石屑用量不宜超过天然砂及机制砂的用量,必须使用时应采用如下抗剥离措施。

  油石比的影响。
  沥青路面的油石比是保证沥青路面抗滑性能的另一重要因素。正确的用油量应是既能涂覆石料的表面,将其粘住,而又不致涌出路表,形成光面。所以在设计和施工中都应严格控制规定控制油石比,不得随意改变用油量的标准。沥青的用量对抗滑性影响非常敏感,沥青用量超过最佳用量的0.5%,即可使抗滑系数明显降低。

  养护措施的影响。
  沥青路面营运数年后,因沥青老化而出现裂缝,对此病害需要进行治理目前治理病害用油砂(石屑)喷撒封层,施工后车轮带走很多石料,形成致密的光滑面,路面光平滑溜,虽然防渗能力提高,但行车安全性下降局部修补时,大小石子填在坑中后,用行驶汽车碾压,有的石料被抛在坑外,这种修补方式绝对不可能确保原来的抗滑性能另外,由于部分沥青路面的路肩为土路肩,风吹或车轮带动等原因,泥土进入路中污染路面,影响路面的构造深度,雨天形成一层润滑膜,以致容易发生交通事故。

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