linux内核一般占用多大内存

2025-02-12 14:32:25
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

 [root@scs-2 tmp]# free
  total used free shared buffers cached
  Mem: 3266180 3250004 16176 0 110652 2668236
  -/+ buffers/cache: 471116 2795064
  Swap: 2048276 80160 1968116
  下面是对这些数值的解释:
  total:总计物理内存的大小。
  used:已使用多大。
  free:可用有多少。
  Shared:多个进程共享的内存总额。
  Buffers/cached:磁盘缓存的大小。
  第三行(-/+ buffers/cached):
  used:已使用多大。
  free:可用有多少。
  第四行就不多解释了。
  区别:第二行(mem)的used/free与第三行(-/+ buffers/cache) used/free的区别。 这两个的区别在于使用的角度来看,第一行是从OS的角度来看,因为对于OS,buffers/cached 都是属于被使用,所以他的可用内存是16176KB,已用内存是3250004KB,其中包括,内核(OS)使用+Application(X, oracle,etc)使用的+buffers+cached.
  第三行所指的是从应用程序角度来看,对于应用程序来说,buffers/cached 是等于可用的,因为buffer/cached是为了提高文件读取的性能,当应用程序需在用到内存的时候,buffer/cached会很快地被回收。
  所以从应用程序的角度来说,可用内存=系统free memory+buffers+cached。
  如上例:
  2795064=16176+110652+2668236
  接下来解释什么时候内存会被交换,以及按什么方交换。 当可用内存少于额定值的时候,就会开会进行交换。
  如何看额定值:
  cat /proc/meminfo
  [root@scs-2 tmp]# cat /proc/meminfo
  MemTotal: 3266180 kB
  MemFree: 17456 kB
  Buffers: 111328 kB
  Cached: 2664024 kB
  SwapCached: 0 kB
  Active: 467236 kB
  Inactive: 2644928 kB
  HighTotal: 0 kB
  HighFree: 0 kB
  LowTotal: 3266180 kB
  LowFree: 17456 kB
  SwapTotal: 2048276 kB
  SwapFree: 1968116 kB
  Dirty: 8 kB
  Writeback: 0 kB
  Mapped: 345360 kB
  Slab: 112344 kB
  Committed_AS: 535292 kB
  PageTables: 2340 kB
  VmallocTotal: 536870911 kB
  VmallocUsed: 272696 kB
  VmallocChunk: 536598175 kB
  HugePages_Total: 0
  HugePages_Free: 0
  Hugepagesize: 2048 kB
  用free -m查看的结果:
  [root@scs-2 tmp]# free -m
  total used free shared buffers cached
  Mem: 3189 3173 16 0 107 2605
  -/+ buffers/cache: 460 2729
  Swap: 2000 78 1921
  查看/proc/kcore文件的大小(内存镜像):
  [root@scs-2 tmp]# ll -h /proc/kcore
  -r——– 1 root root 4.1G Jun 12 12:04 /proc/kcore
  备注:
  占用内存的测量
  测量一个进程占用了多少内存,linux为我们提供了一个很方便的方法,/proc目录为我们提供了所有的信息,实际上top等工具也通过这里来获取相应的信息。
  /proc/meminfo 机器的内存使用信息
  /proc/pid/maps pid为进程号,显示当前进程所占用的虚拟地址。
  /proc/pid/statm 进程所占用的内存
  [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/self/statm
  654 57 44 0 0 334 0
  输出解释
  CPU 以及CPU0。。。的每行的每个参数意思(以第一行为例)为:
  参数 解释 /proc//status
  Size (pages) 任务虚拟地址空间的大小 VmSize/4
  Resident(pages) 应用程序正在使用的物理内存的大小 VmRSS/4
  Shared(pages) 共享页数 0
  Trs(pages) 程序所拥有的可执行虚拟内存的大小 VmExe/4
  Lrs(pages) 被映像到任务的虚拟内存空间的库的大小 VmLib/4
  Drs(pages) 程序数据段和用户态的栈的大小 (VmData+ VmStk )4
  dt(pages) 04
  查看机器可用内存
  /proc/28248/>free
  total used free shared buffers cached
  Mem: 1023788 926400 97388 0 134668 503688
  -/+ buffers/cache: 288044 735744
  Swap: 1959920 89608 1870312
  我们通过free命令查看机器空闲内存时,会发现free的值很小。这主要是因为,在linux中有这么一种思想,内存不用白不用,因此它尽可能的cache和buffer一些数据,以方便下次使用。但实际上这些内存也是可以立刻拿来使用的。
  所以 空闲内存=free+buffers+cached=total-used

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