smt回流焊温度的设定的注意事项?

2024-11-19 12:15:03
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

随着电子产业的飞速发展,高集成度、高可靠性已经成为行业的新潮流。在这种趋势的推动下,SMT(表面贴装技术)在中国也得到了进一步的推广和发展。很多公司在生产和研发中已经大量的应用了SMT工艺和表面贴装元器件(SMC/SMD)。因此,焊接过程也就无法避免的大量的使用回流焊机(reflow soldering)。我就针对回流焊温度曲线的整定谈谈我在工作中的一些经验和看法。

回流焊作为表面贴装工艺生产的一个主要设备,它的正确使用无疑是进一步确保焊接质量和产品质量。在回流焊的使用中,最难以把握的就是回流焊的温度曲线的整定。怎样才能更合理的整定回流焊的温度曲线呢?

要解决这个问题,我们首先要了解回流焊的工作原理。从温度曲线(见图1-1)分析回流焊的原理:当PCB进入升温区(干燥区)时,焊膏中的溶剂、气体蒸发掉,同时,焊膏中的助焊剂润湿焊盘、元器件端头和引脚,焊膏软化、塌落、覆盖了焊盘、元器件端头和引脚与氧气隔离→PCB进入保温区时,PCB和元器件得到充分的预热,以防PCB突然进入焊接高温区而损坏PCB和元器件→当PCB进入焊接区时,温度迅速上升使焊膏达到熔化状态,液态焊锡对PCB的焊盘、元器件端头和引脚润湿、扩散、漫流或回流混合形成焊锡接点→PCB进入冷却区,使焊点凝固。当PCB板从机子的左侧进入,依次通过上方第一块加热器、下方第一块加热器、上方第二块加热器、上方第三块加热器、下方第二块加热器、上方第四块加热器。每块加热器的传感器分布如图。PCB板进入炉子的过程是一个吸热的过程,它会从室温慢慢的接近它所处环境的温度。那么,当环境的温度发生变化时,PCB板的温度也将随着环境的温度变化而变化,形成一条温度曲线。因此,我们怎样利用回流焊的不同的加热器使PCB上的温度变化符合标准要求的温度曲线,这就是回流焊温度曲线的整定。

根据TR360回流焊结构图,我们知道这款回流焊的上方第四个加热器的温度最高,是用来焊接的,第六个传感器处的温度是最高的,对应到温度曲线的最高温度,我们就知道PCB到达这一点时所需要的时间是150秒。由于PCB板进入回流焊的速度是恒定的,TR360的六个传感器的间距是固定的,我们很容易就可以算出PCB板通过每个传感器的时间,对照TR360的结构图,温室的左侧到第一个传感器,第一传感器到第二个传感器(下方),第二个传感器到第三个传感器,第四个传感器到第五个传感器,第五个传感器到第六个传感器距离是一致,而第三个传感器到第四个传感器的距离是其他传感器间距的2倍,这样我们就可以推算出PCB板通过每个传感器的时间,对照标准的温度曲线,我们可以知道PCB板通过该点时应该达到的温度,加上传感到网带这段距离产生的温度差(由于网带和传感器的距离不变,因此这个值基本上也是一个定值),再加上不同材质的PCB板吸热能力的差异,就等于传感器处应该达到的温度,也就是各加热器的设定温度。

然后,我们再调整网带的速度,使PCB进入温室到离开温室的时间和回流焊的标准曲线要求的时间一致,这样PCB板通过各传感器的时间和温度用曲线连接起来就符合回流焊的标准的温度曲线了。

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