秋海棠花期如何管理

2025-04-05 05:34:36
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

球根海棠是天然的喜阴盆栽花卉,喜欢遮荫和高湿。从3月末至10月都需要遮荫,勿暴露在阳光下。遮荫的设施,用30%~60%透光率的遮荫网,主要用透光率50%的遮荫。球根海棠喜欢冷凉,16℃~18.5℃的低温将达到最佳效果。玻璃温室生长季节夜间温度下降相当快,但最低温度需要维持在13℃以上。现代杂种球根海棠,叶片相当柔软,易被直射光灼伤。球根海棠基质的透气性相当重要,最好将气孔度维持在15%~20%。温室高度要求能够保证充分的通风。当植物的株形足够大时,需摘掉生长点。

球根海棠在上盆两周后,需要使用立柱来支持球根海棠的主茎。在基质中茎的背后插入60cm长的支柱,粗度1.3cm较为合适,为以后的生长提供支撑。主茎增粗很快,经常需要松动绑绳,避免伤害主茎。绑绳时要绑到节间,不可绑到节上,以防节上增粗后绳子勒进去。盆花进一步养大后,需要使用小棍来支撑侧枝。这种处理有时将持续到6月。

球根海棠栽培类型为1个主茎,带着两个侧枝。这种类型易处理,不会占用空间,花朝向一致。所有强壮的基部枝,在超过5cm~7.5cm高时去掉。主茎超过1个,花开放时,朝向不同。总体上,球根海棠的花对的方向和茎上叶尖面对的方向一致。不同主茎的花朝向或是相同或是相反。当主茎多于4个时,其花的朝向各个方向都有。每个茎上的花有120度的观赏角。这样,4朵花,可以从各个角度观赏。任何朝里的茎在可能的情况下应当去掉。

球根海棠的茎多汁、脆弱,5~6片叶前,应当去掉所有的花芽,直至销售前的第8周。提前8周~4周间,所有的花芽,当大于3cm直径时去掉。在销售前第4周,检查并去掉任何直径超过5厘米的花芽。包括去掉侧枝在内的生长点。以后,所有主茎和侧枝上的芽要留下,可发育成好的花。任何比这更小的花芽,将保留下来成花。留在植株上的最大的花芽(直径为3cm),需要5~6周充分开放。

花中间雄花的两边侧生有两个花芽,常为雌花,这两个侧芽应当摘掉。不要接触到雄花。侧芽去掉后,中间的雄花长得更大。雄花芽长得更大时,需要使用支柱把花头支撑起来。所有的侧枝,长到7.5cm长时,去掉其茎尖。

大部分大花球根海棠在叶腋形成花芽,花芽继续发育,最终也形成花。总体上,头4片叶,将产生侧枝同时形成花。4片叶以上叶腋将形成花,但是没有侧枝形成。大多数品种,花茎从第4到第5个叶腋长出。一株有两个侧枝的球根海棠将形成最有吸引力的盆花。事实上,开花前的花芽越大,则花可能越大。良好的光照、低温有助于延迟花的开放。

理论上,需要5~7周来形成直径3cm的花芽,使之达到最大的花径。形成花,平均需要42天,以达到最佳的效果。花芽达到最大的所需的生长时间,品种间有差异,但主要依靠以后4周的气候。气候变凉后,5cm的花芽可能在4周内完全开放。开花前两周,每个主茎和侧枝上的生长点要去掉,将植株营养用于花芽的生长。当气候温暖和光照充足时,大的花芽将提前开,最多可提前两周。

开花两周前时,停止所有叶面肥,以避免灼伤花,形成斑点。花瓣不喜欢高湿,空气湿度需降到50%。所有颜色品种都是这样,但红色最糟,湿度大,花的边缘都将变为褐色。球根海棠的花触摸后,特别是红色花,将会留下斑点。

回答2:

多交水

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