1.倒装部分是did he realize that he was seriously ill,将助动词提前了。当Not until位于句首时,句子要倒装。其结构为:Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+...。如:
①Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。
②Not until next week will the sports meet be held.直到下周才开运动会。
2.分别是现在分词(Being compared with)和过去分词(Compared with )做伴随状语
应该都用grew up吧我觉得,都用一般过去式
Being是现在分词做了伴随状语,this town is more prosperous and exciting是主句,this town是主语,全局意思是 :相比于我长大的地方,这个城镇更加繁荣和刺激。