为什么一谈到西方历史就说到欧洲,一说到欧洲就说到古希腊罗马?顺便问下希腊是城邦对吧,那罗马是包括希

2024-11-17 15:34:43
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

现在全部的西方文明都是在古希腊文明的基础上而来的,就连古罗马的文化也是山寨希腊而来,只不过后来后者假罗马之手传播到了世界上更远的地方,所以现在说古希腊文明时有时也会带上罗马。

古希腊的国家制度是城邦制度,各城邦之间通商互利,政治自治。现在人们耳熟能详的雅典、斯巴达都是诸多希腊城邦的一员,这些希腊城邦在一起组成泛希腊文化圈。马其顿一度统一了希腊世界,但因为神王亚历山大的早逝,而重新陷入分裂,此后一直争斗不休直到后起之秀罗马把他们分而治之。

古典时期罗马的疆域,包括莱茵河以南的大部分欧洲地区和北非、西亚部分地区。罗马在民族大迁徙期间受到蛮族持续不断的冲击,最终包括意大利本部在内的西欧和北非的行省相继沦陷。当时的野蛮人,也就是现在的西方人占领了中、西欧,并逐渐开始向文明人过度。他们学习、接受的文明就是罗马文明。而罗马剩下的东部行省,在罗马占领之前大多是泛希腊地区,罗马人退守东方后,终于和希腊人彻底融合。进入中世纪后,罗马人干脆放弃了拉丁文,官方语言开始使用希腊语。

有一点需要注意的是,你不要被影视宣传所迷惑了,罗马人和希腊人都不是白人,而是南欧人,和我们一样都是暗肤色的人种。论人种相似而言,罗马人更像是黑色卷曲头发的闪族人(阿拉伯人和犹太人),而惨白肤色的日耳曼人恰恰是罗马最仇视的野蛮人。在罗马灭亡后,日耳曼人统治了广阔的罗马疆域,几个大部落演化成现在欧洲不同的国家,并以罗马文化的继承者自居,这其实是非常讽刺的事情。

回答2:

西方文明史起原于欧洲 而古希腊文明与古罗马文明又是两个最具代表性的文明

回答3:

希腊就是天下,城邦就是诸侯国,只不过有的城邦靠农耕,有的靠贸易。希腊范围是不断扩大的,特别是马其顿吞并希腊后,其统治范围大大扩张。马其顿解体后,这些国家大多都是希腊化的。后来,罗马扩张,占有了这些地区。罗马城靠的是贸易兴起。罗马开头也是个城邦国家,有一些拉丁盟友。后来实力扩张到整个意大利。意大利就是罗马本土,其他地区是征服而来的。

回答4:

古希腊和古罗马是两个概念,所包括的地域范围也不相同。古希腊文明早于古罗马。古希腊主要包括欧洲南部,地中海的东北部,包括今巴尔干半岛南部、小亚细亚半岛西岸和爱琴海中的许多小岛;古罗马则是意大利半岛中部。据历史学家的说法是,前8世纪至前6世纪,希腊人向意大利南部移民,并建立城邦。公元前7世纪,以帕拉提乌姆为中心开始部落联合过程,由单一的拉丁人部落联合包括萨宾人和伊特拉斯坎人等3个部落组成罗马人公社。前7世纪末至前6世纪末,罗马人公社处于伊特拉斯坎人的统治之下。此时,完成了由氏族部落公社到城邦的过渡。前5世纪末,高卢人从阿尔卑斯山以北进入波河平原。这些部族经过长期融合同化,形成了意大利人的祖先。

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