关于音频的均衡器的指标是什么?
那些指标的效果体现是什么 ? 怎么衡量 ?
推荐回答(1个)
由于房间的共振特性、吸声材料对声音频率的吸声系数不同以及扬声器系统的频率响应特性不均匀某原因,会导致出现某些频率声音过强和某些频率声音不足的问题。因此必须对房间的频率响应特性进行调节。房间均衡有两种方法:人耳听音结果调整,难度大,不易掌握,必须具有丰富的实践经验和非常熟悉的节目源配合,并且与调整时声压级大小有关,与听音人的年龄也有关。另一种方法是用粉红噪声源及音频频谱仪进行客观测量和调整。
1.均衡器的调整方法:超低音:20Hz-40Hz,适当时声音强而有力。能控制雷声、低音鼓、管风琴和贝司的声音。过度提升会使音乐变得混浊不清。低音:40Hz-150Hz,是声音的基础部份,其能量占整个音频能量的70%,是表现音乐风格的重要成份。适当时,低音张弛得宜,声音丰满柔和,不足时声音单薄,150Hz,过度提升时会使声音发闷,明亮度下降,鼻音增强。中低音:150Hz-500Hz,是声音的结构部分,人声位于这个位置,不足时,演唱声会被音乐淹没,声音软而无力,适当提升时会感到浑厚有力,提高声音的力度和响度。提升过度时会使低音变得生硬,300Hz处过度提升3-6dB,如再加上混响,则会严重影响声音的清晰度。中音:500Hz-2KHz,包含大多数乐器的低次谐波和泛音,是小军鼓和打击乐器的特征音。适当时声音透彻明亮,不足时声音朦胧。过度提升时会产生类似电话的声音。中高音:2KHz-5KHz,是弦乐的特征音(拉弦乐的弓与弦的摩搡声,弹拔乐的手指触弦的声音某)。不足时声音的穿透力下降,过强时会掩蔽语言音节的识别。高音:7KHz-8KHz,是影响声音层次感的频率。过度提升会使短笛、长笛声音突出,语言的齿音加重和音色发毛。极高音:8KHz-10KHz合适时,三角铁和立叉的金属感通透率高,沙钟的节奏清晰可辨。过度提升会使声音不自然,易烧毁高频单元。
2.平衡悦耳的声音应是:150Hz以下(低音)应是丰满、柔和而富有弹性;150Hz-50Hz(中低音)应是浑厚有力百不混浊;500Hz-5KHz(中高音)应是明亮透彻而不生硬;5KHz以上(高音)应是纤细,园顺而不尖锐刺耳。整个频响特性平直时:声音自然丰满而有弹性,层次清晰园顺悦耳。频响多峰谷时:声音粗糙混浊,高音刺耳发毛,无层次感扩声易发生反馈啸叫。
3.频率的音感特征:30~60Hz沉闷如没有相当大的响度,人耳很难感觉。60~100Hz沉重80Hz附近能产生极强的“重感”效果,响度很高也不会给人舒服的感觉,可给人以强烈的刺激作用。100~200Hz丰满200~500Hz力度易引起嗡嗡声的烦闷心理。500~1KHz明朗800Hz附近如提升10dB,会明显产生一种嘈杂感,狭窄感。1K~2KHz透亮2800Kz附近明亮感关系最大。2K~4Kz尖锐6800Hz形成尖啸,锐利的感觉。4K~8Kz清脆3400Hz易引起听觉疲劳。8K~16Kz纤细>7.5KHz音感清彻纤细。
均衡器的发展趋势运用数字滤波器组成的均衡器称为数字均衡器,数字均衡器即可作成图示EQ,有可做成参量EQ,还可以做成两者兼有的EQ,它不仅各项性能指标优异,操作方便,而且还可同时储存多种用途的频响均衡特性,供不同节目要求选用,可多至储存99种频响特性曲线。SONY的SRP-E300是一款多功能2通道的数字均衡器具有10段参量均衡和29段图示均衡,可同时或独立工作,带有限制器和噪声门功能,高精度的48kHz取样,20比特线性模数/数模转换;带有模拟和数字输入/输出;RS-232CC接口,可用于外部遥控,,它的出现会逐步淘汰普通的模拟均衡器,是一款专业音频扩声领域具有极高性价比的产品。
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